Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel
Abstract Background Biomass-derived jet fuel is an alternative jet fuel (AJF) showing promise of reducing the dependence on fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) concept is also known as one of the pathways for producing bio jet fuel. HEFA fuel was ap...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2017-11-01
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| Series: | Biotechnology for Biofuels |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13068-017-0945-3 |
| _version_ | 1818265219684630528 |
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| author | Ling Tao Anelia Milbrandt Yanan Zhang Wei-Cheng Wang |
| author_facet | Ling Tao Anelia Milbrandt Yanan Zhang Wei-Cheng Wang |
| author_sort | Ling Tao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Biomass-derived jet fuel is an alternative jet fuel (AJF) showing promise of reducing the dependence on fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) concept is also known as one of the pathways for producing bio jet fuel. HEFA fuel was approved by the American Society for Testing and Materials in 2011, and can be blended up to 50% with conventional jet fuel. Since then, several HEFA economic and life-cycle assessments have been published in literature. However, there have been limited analyses on feedstock availability, composition, and their impact on hydrocarbon yield (particularly jet blendstock yield) and overall process economics. Results This study examines over 20 oil feedstocks, their geographic distribution and production levels, oil yield, prices, and chemical composition. The results of our compositional analysis indicate that most oils contain mainly C16 and C18 fatty acids except pennycress, yellow grease, and mustard, which contain higher values and thus would require hydrocracking to improve jet fuel production. Coconut oil has a large content of shorter carbon fatty acids, making it a good feedstock candidate for renewable gasoline instead of jet substitutes’ production. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) was performed for five selected oil feedstocks—camelina, pennycress, jatropha, castor bean, and yellow grease—using the HEFA process concept. Conclusion The resource analysis indicates that oil crops currently grown in the United States (namely soybean) have relatively low oil yield when compared to oil crops grown in other parts of the world, such as palm, coconut, and jatropha. Also, non-terrestrial oil sources, such as animal fats and greases, have relatively lower prices than terrestrial oil crops. The minimum jet fuel selling price for these five resources ranges between $3.8 and $11.0 per gallon. The results of our TEA and resource studies indicate the key cost drivers for a biorefinery converting oil to jet hydrocarbons are as follows: oil price, conversion plant capacity, fatty acid profile, addition of hydrocracker, and type of hydroprocessing catalysts. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:47:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b6a999a0b9b8428289e8234a129b056c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1754-6834 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T19:47:20Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biotechnology for Biofuels |
| spelling | doaj.art-b6a999a0b9b8428289e8234a129b056c2022-12-22T00:14:04ZengBMCBiotechnology for Biofuels1754-68342017-11-0110111610.1186/s13068-017-0945-3Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuelLing Tao0Anelia Milbrandt1Yanan Zhang2Wei-Cheng Wang3National Renewable Energy LaboratoryNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryNational Renewable Energy LaboratoryAbstract Background Biomass-derived jet fuel is an alternative jet fuel (AJF) showing promise of reducing the dependence on fossil fuel and greenhouse gas emissions. Hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids (HEFA) concept is also known as one of the pathways for producing bio jet fuel. HEFA fuel was approved by the American Society for Testing and Materials in 2011, and can be blended up to 50% with conventional jet fuel. Since then, several HEFA economic and life-cycle assessments have been published in literature. However, there have been limited analyses on feedstock availability, composition, and their impact on hydrocarbon yield (particularly jet blendstock yield) and overall process economics. Results This study examines over 20 oil feedstocks, their geographic distribution and production levels, oil yield, prices, and chemical composition. The results of our compositional analysis indicate that most oils contain mainly C16 and C18 fatty acids except pennycress, yellow grease, and mustard, which contain higher values and thus would require hydrocracking to improve jet fuel production. Coconut oil has a large content of shorter carbon fatty acids, making it a good feedstock candidate for renewable gasoline instead of jet substitutes’ production. Techno-economic analysis (TEA) was performed for five selected oil feedstocks—camelina, pennycress, jatropha, castor bean, and yellow grease—using the HEFA process concept. Conclusion The resource analysis indicates that oil crops currently grown in the United States (namely soybean) have relatively low oil yield when compared to oil crops grown in other parts of the world, such as palm, coconut, and jatropha. Also, non-terrestrial oil sources, such as animal fats and greases, have relatively lower prices than terrestrial oil crops. The minimum jet fuel selling price for these five resources ranges between $3.8 and $11.0 per gallon. The results of our TEA and resource studies indicate the key cost drivers for a biorefinery converting oil to jet hydrocarbons are as follows: oil price, conversion plant capacity, fatty acid profile, addition of hydrocracker, and type of hydroprocessing catalysts.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13068-017-0945-3Techno-economics analysisFeedstockHydroprocessed renewable jet fuelAlternative jet fuelResourcesLipids |
| spellingShingle | Ling Tao Anelia Milbrandt Yanan Zhang Wei-Cheng Wang Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel Biotechnology for Biofuels Techno-economics analysis Feedstock Hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel Alternative jet fuel Resources Lipids |
| title | Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel |
| title_full | Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel |
| title_fullStr | Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel |
| title_short | Techno-economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel |
| title_sort | techno economic and resource analysis of hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel |
| topic | Techno-economics analysis Feedstock Hydroprocessed renewable jet fuel Alternative jet fuel Resources Lipids |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13068-017-0945-3 |
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