Longevity of vaccine protection: Immunological mechanism, assessment methods, and improving strategy
Abstract Vaccination represents one of the most important achievements in modern medicine. During the era of COVID‐19 pandemic, the successful vaccination for SARS‐COV‐2 is the major hope to bring the society back to normal. However, although vaccines, such as for smallpox and poliomyelitis, can tri...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | View |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/VIW.20200103 |
| _version_ | 1818874089260974080 |
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| author | Zhian Chen Xin Gao Di Yu |
| author_facet | Zhian Chen Xin Gao Di Yu |
| author_sort | Zhian Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Vaccination represents one of the most important achievements in modern medicine. During the era of COVID‐19 pandemic, the successful vaccination for SARS‐COV‐2 is the major hope to bring the society back to normal. However, although vaccines, such as for smallpox and poliomyelitis, can trigger life‐long protection in individuals and help to generate the herd immunity resulting in the eradication of pathogens, other vaccines, with seasonal influenza vaccine as a case in point, are unable to induce sustained immunity so that repeated vaccination is required. As most vaccines were developed empirically, the immunological mechanism underlying the longevity of vaccine‐induced protection remains only partially understood. In this review, we first describe vaccine‐induced humoral immune response in which long‐lived plasma cells and memory B cells are produced. We then summarise methods using immunological correlates of protection to assess the longevity of vaccine efficacy and provide the evidence and knowledge for the duration of protection by current vaccines. Last, we discuss rationale and strategies to improve the duration of vaccine protection by targeting vaccine immunogenicity, antibody affinity, avidity and prime‐boost scheme. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-19T13:05:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b6a9eda61b1742df8d89bcf8e8e219d9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2688-3988 2688-268X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-19T13:05:03Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | View |
| spelling | doaj.art-b6a9eda61b1742df8d89bcf8e8e219d92022-12-21T20:20:05ZengWileyView2688-39882688-268X2022-01-0131n/an/a10.1002/VIW.20200103Longevity of vaccine protection: Immunological mechanism, assessment methods, and improving strategyZhian Chen0Xin Gao1Di Yu2The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland AustraliaDepartment of Immunology and Infectious Disease, John Curtin School of Medical Research Australian National University Canberra AustraliaThe University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland AustraliaAbstract Vaccination represents one of the most important achievements in modern medicine. During the era of COVID‐19 pandemic, the successful vaccination for SARS‐COV‐2 is the major hope to bring the society back to normal. However, although vaccines, such as for smallpox and poliomyelitis, can trigger life‐long protection in individuals and help to generate the herd immunity resulting in the eradication of pathogens, other vaccines, with seasonal influenza vaccine as a case in point, are unable to induce sustained immunity so that repeated vaccination is required. As most vaccines were developed empirically, the immunological mechanism underlying the longevity of vaccine‐induced protection remains only partially understood. In this review, we first describe vaccine‐induced humoral immune response in which long‐lived plasma cells and memory B cells are produced. We then summarise methods using immunological correlates of protection to assess the longevity of vaccine efficacy and provide the evidence and knowledge for the duration of protection by current vaccines. Last, we discuss rationale and strategies to improve the duration of vaccine protection by targeting vaccine immunogenicity, antibody affinity, avidity and prime‐boost scheme.https://doi.org/10.1002/VIW.20200103correlates of protectionimmunological memoryplasma cellsvaccine efficacy |
| spellingShingle | Zhian Chen Xin Gao Di Yu Longevity of vaccine protection: Immunological mechanism, assessment methods, and improving strategy View correlates of protection immunological memory plasma cells vaccine efficacy |
| title | Longevity of vaccine protection: Immunological mechanism, assessment methods, and improving strategy |
| title_full | Longevity of vaccine protection: Immunological mechanism, assessment methods, and improving strategy |
| title_fullStr | Longevity of vaccine protection: Immunological mechanism, assessment methods, and improving strategy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Longevity of vaccine protection: Immunological mechanism, assessment methods, and improving strategy |
| title_short | Longevity of vaccine protection: Immunological mechanism, assessment methods, and improving strategy |
| title_sort | longevity of vaccine protection immunological mechanism assessment methods and improving strategy |
| topic | correlates of protection immunological memory plasma cells vaccine efficacy |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/VIW.20200103 |
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