An Evaluation of Bacterial Wilt (<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>) Resistance in a Set of Tomato Germplasm from the United States Department of Agriculture
Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>, is one of the devastating diseases in tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.). The use of resistant cultivars and breeding for genetic resistance is the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly ma...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/2/350 |
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| author | Theresa Makawa Phiri Gehendra Bhattarai Kenani Edward Chiwina Qiurong Fan Haizheng Xiong Ibtisam Alatawi Ryan Dickson Neelendra K. Joshi Alejandro Rojas Kai-Shu Ling Ainong Shi |
| author_facet | Theresa Makawa Phiri Gehendra Bhattarai Kenani Edward Chiwina Qiurong Fan Haizheng Xiong Ibtisam Alatawi Ryan Dickson Neelendra K. Joshi Alejandro Rojas Kai-Shu Ling Ainong Shi |
| author_sort | Theresa Makawa Phiri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bacterial wilt (BW), caused by <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>, is one of the devastating diseases in tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.). The use of resistant cultivars and breeding for genetic resistance is the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly management strategy for this disease. It is necessary to screen diverse germplasm and cultivated genotypes to identify resistant resources and to develop resistant cultivars in tomatoes to combat the changing pathogen isolates. This study evaluated 40 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) tomato accessions for their BW resistance to the <i>R. solanacearum</i> isolate P822 under greenhouse conditions. The tomato plants were inoculated and visually assessed to observe their symptoms, and the disease severity was scored on a scale of 0 to 4 (0 = no leaf wilted, 1 = 25% of leaves wilted, 2 = 50% leaves wilted, 3 = 75% of leaves wilted, and 4 = 100% leaves wilted). Five accessions (PI 645370, PI 647306, PI 600993, PI 355110, and PI 270210) were observed as BW resistance, with PI 645370 showing the greatest resistance. The broad-sense heritability for BW resistance was estimated as 59.9% and 42.8% based on a 0–4 scale of disease incidence and the disease severity index, respectively. Two distinct clusters (sub-populations) were detected among 39 of the 40 accessions. The five identified BW-resistant accessions were distributed in both clusters, suggesting a likely difference in the genetic base among the five resistance accessions. The resistant accessions will contribute significantly to the tomato breeding program to develop new cultivars with BW resistance. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:45:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b6b6490ae4ed411a9f788dd86ed42d59 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T22:45:57Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-b6b6490ae4ed411a9f788dd86ed42d592024-02-23T15:04:16ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-02-0114235010.3390/agronomy14020350An Evaluation of Bacterial Wilt (<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>) Resistance in a Set of Tomato Germplasm from the United States Department of AgricultureTheresa Makawa Phiri0Gehendra Bhattarai1Kenani Edward Chiwina2Qiurong Fan3Haizheng Xiong4Ibtisam Alatawi5Ryan Dickson6Neelendra K. Joshi7Alejandro Rojas8Kai-Shu Ling9Ainong Shi10Department of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USAUSDA, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Vegetable Laboratory, 2700 Savannah Hwy, Charleston, SC 29414, USADepartment of Horticulture, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USABacterial wilt (BW), caused by <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>, is one of the devastating diseases in tomatoes (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> L.). The use of resistant cultivars and breeding for genetic resistance is the most effective, economical, and environmentally friendly management strategy for this disease. It is necessary to screen diverse germplasm and cultivated genotypes to identify resistant resources and to develop resistant cultivars in tomatoes to combat the changing pathogen isolates. This study evaluated 40 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) tomato accessions for their BW resistance to the <i>R. solanacearum</i> isolate P822 under greenhouse conditions. The tomato plants were inoculated and visually assessed to observe their symptoms, and the disease severity was scored on a scale of 0 to 4 (0 = no leaf wilted, 1 = 25% of leaves wilted, 2 = 50% leaves wilted, 3 = 75% of leaves wilted, and 4 = 100% leaves wilted). Five accessions (PI 645370, PI 647306, PI 600993, PI 355110, and PI 270210) were observed as BW resistance, with PI 645370 showing the greatest resistance. The broad-sense heritability for BW resistance was estimated as 59.9% and 42.8% based on a 0–4 scale of disease incidence and the disease severity index, respectively. Two distinct clusters (sub-populations) were detected among 39 of the 40 accessions. The five identified BW-resistant accessions were distributed in both clusters, suggesting a likely difference in the genetic base among the five resistance accessions. The resistant accessions will contribute significantly to the tomato breeding program to develop new cultivars with BW resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/2/350tomato<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>bacterial wilt<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>germplasmdisease resistance |
| spellingShingle | Theresa Makawa Phiri Gehendra Bhattarai Kenani Edward Chiwina Qiurong Fan Haizheng Xiong Ibtisam Alatawi Ryan Dickson Neelendra K. Joshi Alejandro Rojas Kai-Shu Ling Ainong Shi An Evaluation of Bacterial Wilt (<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>) Resistance in a Set of Tomato Germplasm from the United States Department of Agriculture Agronomy tomato <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> bacterial wilt <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> germplasm disease resistance |
| title | An Evaluation of Bacterial Wilt (<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>) Resistance in a Set of Tomato Germplasm from the United States Department of Agriculture |
| title_full | An Evaluation of Bacterial Wilt (<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>) Resistance in a Set of Tomato Germplasm from the United States Department of Agriculture |
| title_fullStr | An Evaluation of Bacterial Wilt (<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>) Resistance in a Set of Tomato Germplasm from the United States Department of Agriculture |
| title_full_unstemmed | An Evaluation of Bacterial Wilt (<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>) Resistance in a Set of Tomato Germplasm from the United States Department of Agriculture |
| title_short | An Evaluation of Bacterial Wilt (<i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i>) Resistance in a Set of Tomato Germplasm from the United States Department of Agriculture |
| title_sort | evaluation of bacterial wilt i ralstonia solanacearum i resistance in a set of tomato germplasm from the united states department of agriculture |
| topic | tomato <i>Solanum lycopersicum</i> bacterial wilt <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> germplasm disease resistance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/14/2/350 |
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