An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study
Background: More research is needed in the field of Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Treatments (ICBTs) for specific phobia in order to understand which characteristics are important in online exposure scenarios. The aim of the present work was to conduct a feasibility pilot study to explore...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Internet Interventions |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214782922000173 |
| _version_ | 1811231700119715840 |
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| author | Sonia Mor Cristina Botella Daniel Campos Per Carlbring Cintia Tur Soledad Quero |
| author_facet | Sonia Mor Cristina Botella Daniel Campos Per Carlbring Cintia Tur Soledad Quero |
| author_sort | Sonia Mor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: More research is needed in the field of Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Treatments (ICBTs) for specific phobia in order to understand which characteristics are important in online exposure scenarios. The aim of the present work was to conduct a feasibility pilot study to explore participants' opinions, preferences, and acceptability ratings of two types of images (still images vs 360° navigable images) in an ICBT for Flying Phobia (FP). A secondary aim was to test the potential effectiveness of the two active treatment arms compared to a waiting list control group. An exploratory aim was to compare the role of navigable images vs. still images in the level of sense of presence and reality judgment and explore their possible mediation in treatment effectiveness. Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to three conditions: NO-FEAR Airlines with still images (n = 26), NO-FEAR Airlines with still and navigable images (n = 26), and a waiting list group (n = 26). Primary outcome measures were participants' opinions, preferences, satisfaction, and acceptance regarding the images used in the exposure scenarios. Secondary outcome measures included FP symptomatology outcomes and measures of sense of presence and reality judgment. Results: Participants in the study preferred navigable images over still images before and after treatment (over 84%), and they considered them more effective and logical for the treatment of their problem. However, adherence in the experimental conditions was low (42.3% dropout rate), and more participants withdrew from the group that included navigable images compared to the group that only included still images (14 vs. 8), with no statistical differences in attrition between the two conditions. NO-FEAR Airlines proved to be effective in reducing FP symptomatology compared to the control group, with large between-group effect sizes on all FP measures (ranging from 0.76 to 2.79). No significant mediation effect was found for sense of presence or reality judgment in treatment effectiveness. Discussion: The results of the current study suggest that participants prefer more immersive images in exposure scenarios, providing data that can help to design useful exposure scenarios to treat specific phobias in the future. They also provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of an ICBT for FP. Trial registration: Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03900559) on April 9, 2019. Retrospectively registered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:49:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b6c47cd2a8c249e093ee40abee3438a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2214-7829 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:49:14Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Internet Interventions |
| spelling | doaj.art-b6c47cd2a8c249e093ee40abee3438a72022-12-22T03:36:19ZengElsevierInternet Interventions2214-78292022-04-0128100510An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot studySonia Mor0Cristina Botella1Daniel Campos2Per Carlbring3Cintia Tur4Soledad Quero5Universitat Jaume I, Castellón, SpainUniversitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, SpainDepartment of Psychology and Sociology, University of Zaragoza, Huesca, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IISAragon), Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenUniversitat Jaume I, Castellón, SpainUniversitat Jaume I, Castellón, Spain; CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain; Corresponding author at: Universitat Jaume I, Av. Vicente Sos Baynat s/n, 12006 Castellón, Spain.Background: More research is needed in the field of Internet-delivered Cognitive Behavioral Treatments (ICBTs) for specific phobia in order to understand which characteristics are important in online exposure scenarios. The aim of the present work was to conduct a feasibility pilot study to explore participants' opinions, preferences, and acceptability ratings of two types of images (still images vs 360° navigable images) in an ICBT for Flying Phobia (FP). A secondary aim was to test the potential effectiveness of the two active treatment arms compared to a waiting list control group. An exploratory aim was to compare the role of navigable images vs. still images in the level of sense of presence and reality judgment and explore their possible mediation in treatment effectiveness. Methods: Participants were randomly allocated to three conditions: NO-FEAR Airlines with still images (n = 26), NO-FEAR Airlines with still and navigable images (n = 26), and a waiting list group (n = 26). Primary outcome measures were participants' opinions, preferences, satisfaction, and acceptance regarding the images used in the exposure scenarios. Secondary outcome measures included FP symptomatology outcomes and measures of sense of presence and reality judgment. Results: Participants in the study preferred navigable images over still images before and after treatment (over 84%), and they considered them more effective and logical for the treatment of their problem. However, adherence in the experimental conditions was low (42.3% dropout rate), and more participants withdrew from the group that included navigable images compared to the group that only included still images (14 vs. 8), with no statistical differences in attrition between the two conditions. NO-FEAR Airlines proved to be effective in reducing FP symptomatology compared to the control group, with large between-group effect sizes on all FP measures (ranging from 0.76 to 2.79). No significant mediation effect was found for sense of presence or reality judgment in treatment effectiveness. Discussion: The results of the current study suggest that participants prefer more immersive images in exposure scenarios, providing data that can help to design useful exposure scenarios to treat specific phobias in the future. They also provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of an ICBT for FP. Trial registration: Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03900559) on April 9, 2019. Retrospectively registered.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214782922000173Internet-based interventionExposure therapyTreatment preferencesSense of presenceReality judgment |
| spellingShingle | Sonia Mor Cristina Botella Daniel Campos Per Carlbring Cintia Tur Soledad Quero An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study Internet Interventions Internet-based intervention Exposure therapy Treatment preferences Sense of presence Reality judgment |
| title | An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study |
| title_full | An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study |
| title_fullStr | An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study |
| title_full_unstemmed | An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study |
| title_short | An internet-based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images: A feasibility pilot study |
| title_sort | internet based treatment for flying phobia using 360° images a feasibility pilot study |
| topic | Internet-based intervention Exposure therapy Treatment preferences Sense of presence Reality judgment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214782922000173 |
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