Glycerolysis of high free fatty acid oil by heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production
The most widely used commercial biodiesel production technique, alkali-catalysed transesterification, requires only moderate temperatures and pressures to achieve a more than 98% conversion yield. Unfortunately, oil feedstock's high free fatty acid (FFA) content limits the technology's use...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123022002729 |
| _version_ | 1811254884552409088 |
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| author | Asumin Selemani Godlisten G. Kombe |
| author_facet | Asumin Selemani Godlisten G. Kombe |
| author_sort | Asumin Selemani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The most widely used commercial biodiesel production technique, alkali-catalysed transesterification, requires only moderate temperatures and pressures to achieve a more than 98% conversion yield. Unfortunately, oil feedstock's high free fatty acid (FFA) content limits the technology's usefulness. A heterogeneous base catalysed glycerolysis process was investigated in this study to lower the FFA and meet these requirements. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on I-optimal design was used to model and optimize a CaO catalysed glycerolysis reaction under the influence of five reaction variables: temperature (60–180 °C), residence time (30–120 min), FFA concentration (6–50%), catalyst amount (0.4–0.6 wt (g/g)), and Glycerol to Oil ratio (G/O) (1–1.5). The data were fitted in a quadratic model, and R2 of 0.986 was observed, signifying that the model well defined the experimental data. The model was validated by running four replicates of the experiment, and a residual standard error of 2.7% was obtained, indicating the model would accurately predict future observations. The 48.584% FFA in oil was reduced to 0.98% under optimal conditions of 170 °C, 39.9 min of residence time, 0.591 wt g catalyst concentration, and 1.026 g/g glycerol/oil (G/O) ratio. CaO catalysed glycerolysis has significantly reduced FFA to less than 3% in less than an hour in biodiesel feedstock for biodiesel production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:14:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b6ca4509a92d44ef9a76f3388d0e5793 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T17:14:31Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-b6ca4509a92d44ef9a76f3388d0e57932022-12-22T03:23:42ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302022-12-0116100602Glycerolysis of high free fatty acid oil by heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel productionAsumin Selemani0Godlisten G. Kombe1Corresponding author.; Department of Petroleum and Energy Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, The University of Dodoma, TanzaniaDepartment of Petroleum and Energy Engineering, College of Earth Science and Engineering, The University of Dodoma, TanzaniaThe most widely used commercial biodiesel production technique, alkali-catalysed transesterification, requires only moderate temperatures and pressures to achieve a more than 98% conversion yield. Unfortunately, oil feedstock's high free fatty acid (FFA) content limits the technology's usefulness. A heterogeneous base catalysed glycerolysis process was investigated in this study to lower the FFA and meet these requirements. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on I-optimal design was used to model and optimize a CaO catalysed glycerolysis reaction under the influence of five reaction variables: temperature (60–180 °C), residence time (30–120 min), FFA concentration (6–50%), catalyst amount (0.4–0.6 wt (g/g)), and Glycerol to Oil ratio (G/O) (1–1.5). The data were fitted in a quadratic model, and R2 of 0.986 was observed, signifying that the model well defined the experimental data. The model was validated by running four replicates of the experiment, and a residual standard error of 2.7% was obtained, indicating the model would accurately predict future observations. The 48.584% FFA in oil was reduced to 0.98% under optimal conditions of 170 °C, 39.9 min of residence time, 0.591 wt g catalyst concentration, and 1.026 g/g glycerol/oil (G/O) ratio. CaO catalysed glycerolysis has significantly reduced FFA to less than 3% in less than an hour in biodiesel feedstock for biodiesel production.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123022002729GlycerolysisTriglycerideMonoglycerideDiglyceridesFree fatty acid |
| spellingShingle | Asumin Selemani Godlisten G. Kombe Glycerolysis of high free fatty acid oil by heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production Results in Engineering Glycerolysis Triglyceride Monoglyceride Diglycerides Free fatty acid |
| title | Glycerolysis of high free fatty acid oil by heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production |
| title_full | Glycerolysis of high free fatty acid oil by heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production |
| title_fullStr | Glycerolysis of high free fatty acid oil by heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production |
| title_full_unstemmed | Glycerolysis of high free fatty acid oil by heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production |
| title_short | Glycerolysis of high free fatty acid oil by heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production |
| title_sort | glycerolysis of high free fatty acid oil by heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production |
| topic | Glycerolysis Triglyceride Monoglyceride Diglycerides Free fatty acid |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123022002729 |
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