Enhancing the Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties of SiCN-Coated Surfaces with Quaternization to Address Peri-Implantitis
Peri-implantitis is a major cause of dental implant failure. This disease is an inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant, and, while the cause is multi-factorial, bacteria is the main culprit in initiating an inflammatory reaction. Dental implants with silicon carbonitride (SiCN) coatings...
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2023-08-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/17/5751 |
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| author | Chao-Ching Chiang Xinyi Xia Valentin Craciun Mateus Garcia Rocha Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo Fernanda Regina Godoy Rocha Sarathy K. Gopalakrishnan Kirk J. Ziegler Fan Ren Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw |
| author_facet | Chao-Ching Chiang Xinyi Xia Valentin Craciun Mateus Garcia Rocha Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo Fernanda Regina Godoy Rocha Sarathy K. Gopalakrishnan Kirk J. Ziegler Fan Ren Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw |
| author_sort | Chao-Ching Chiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Peri-implantitis is a major cause of dental implant failure. This disease is an inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant, and, while the cause is multi-factorial, bacteria is the main culprit in initiating an inflammatory reaction. Dental implants with silicon carbonitride (SiCN) coatings have several potential advantages over traditional titanium implants, but their antibacterial efficiency has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-bacterial potential of SiCN by modifying the surface of SiCN-coated implants to have a positive charge on the nitrogen atoms through the quaternization of the surface atoms. The changes in surface chemistry were confirmed using contact angle measurement and XPS analysis. The modified SiCN surfaces were inoculated with <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) and compared with a silicon control. The cultured bacterial colonies for the experimental group were 80% less than the control silicon surface. Fluorescent microscopy with live bacteria staining demonstrated significantly reduced bacterial coverage after 3 and 7 days of incubation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the coated surfaces after bacterial inoculation, and the mechanism for the antibacterial properties of the quaternized SiCN was confirmed by observing ruptured bacteria membrane along the surface. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:19:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b6dd2b753d074bfabeeb0d684d0819b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:19:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-b6dd2b753d074bfabeeb0d684d0819b12023-11-19T08:25:23ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-08-011617575110.3390/ma16175751Enhancing the Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties of SiCN-Coated Surfaces with Quaternization to Address Peri-ImplantitisChao-Ching Chiang0Xinyi Xia1Valentin Craciun2Mateus Garcia Rocha3Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo4Fernanda Regina Godoy Rocha5Sarathy K. Gopalakrishnan6Kirk J. Ziegler7Fan Ren8Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw9Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USANational Institute for Lasers, Plasma and Radiation Physics, RO-077125 Magurele, Ilfov, RomaniaDepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Operative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USADepartment of Comprehensive Oral Healthy, Adams Dental School, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USADepartment of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USADepartment of Restorative Dental Sciences, Division of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USAPeri-implantitis is a major cause of dental implant failure. This disease is an inflammation of the tissues surrounding the implant, and, while the cause is multi-factorial, bacteria is the main culprit in initiating an inflammatory reaction. Dental implants with silicon carbonitride (SiCN) coatings have several potential advantages over traditional titanium implants, but their antibacterial efficiency has not yet been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-bacterial potential of SiCN by modifying the surface of SiCN-coated implants to have a positive charge on the nitrogen atoms through the quaternization of the surface atoms. The changes in surface chemistry were confirmed using contact angle measurement and XPS analysis. The modified SiCN surfaces were inoculated with <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) and compared with a silicon control. The cultured bacterial colonies for the experimental group were 80% less than the control silicon surface. Fluorescent microscopy with live bacteria staining demonstrated significantly reduced bacterial coverage after 3 and 7 days of incubation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to visualize the coated surfaces after bacterial inoculation, and the mechanism for the antibacterial properties of the quaternized SiCN was confirmed by observing ruptured bacteria membrane along the surface.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/17/5751peri-implantitissilicon carbonitride (SiCN)quaternization |
| spellingShingle | Chao-Ching Chiang Xinyi Xia Valentin Craciun Mateus Garcia Rocha Samira Esteves Afonso Camargo Fernanda Regina Godoy Rocha Sarathy K. Gopalakrishnan Kirk J. Ziegler Fan Ren Josephine F. Esquivel-Upshaw Enhancing the Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties of SiCN-Coated Surfaces with Quaternization to Address Peri-Implantitis Materials peri-implantitis silicon carbonitride (SiCN) quaternization |
| title | Enhancing the Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties of SiCN-Coated Surfaces with Quaternization to Address Peri-Implantitis |
| title_full | Enhancing the Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties of SiCN-Coated Surfaces with Quaternization to Address Peri-Implantitis |
| title_fullStr | Enhancing the Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties of SiCN-Coated Surfaces with Quaternization to Address Peri-Implantitis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancing the Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties of SiCN-Coated Surfaces with Quaternization to Address Peri-Implantitis |
| title_short | Enhancing the Hydrophobicity and Antibacterial Properties of SiCN-Coated Surfaces with Quaternization to Address Peri-Implantitis |
| title_sort | enhancing the hydrophobicity and antibacterial properties of sicn coated surfaces with quaternization to address peri implantitis |
| topic | peri-implantitis silicon carbonitride (SiCN) quaternization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/17/5751 |
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