Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur Dioxide
Steel converter slag, also called Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag, has been considered as an oxygen carrier for biofuel chemical looping applications due to its high availability. In addition to its content of iron which contributes to its oxygen-carrying capacity, LD slag also contains a significant amount...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/16/5922 |
| _version_ | 1827600167178600448 |
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| author | Fredrik Hildor Henrik Leion Tobias Mattisson |
| author_facet | Fredrik Hildor Henrik Leion Tobias Mattisson |
| author_sort | Fredrik Hildor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Steel converter slag, also called Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag, has been considered as an oxygen carrier for biofuel chemical looping applications due to its high availability. In addition to its content of iron which contributes to its oxygen-carrying capacity, LD slag also contains a significant amount of calcium. Calcium, however, is known to interact with sulfur, which may affect the usability of LD slag. To get a better understanding of the interaction between sulfur and LD slag, batch scale experiments have been performed using solid and gaseous fuel with or without sulfur dioxide, together with LD slag as an oxygen carrier. The reactivity and sulfur interaction were compared to the benchmark oxygen carrier ilmenite. Sulfur increases the gasification rate of biofuel char and the conversion of CO for both LD slag and ilmenite. However, no effect of sulfur could be seen on the conversion of the model tar species benzene. The increased gasification rate of char was suspected to originate from both surface-active sulfur and gaseous sulfur, increasing the reactivity and oxygen transfer of the oxygen carrier. Sulfur was partly absorbed into the LD slag particles with calcium, forming CaS and/or CaSO<sub>4</sub>. This, in turn, blocks the catalytic effect of CaO towards the water gas shift reaction. When the SO<sub>2</sub> vapor pressure was decreased, the absorbed sulfur was released as SO<sub>2</sub>. This indicates that sulfur may be released in loop-seals or in the air reactor in a continuous process. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:31:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b6eec7d50a544d9287324a246232a4c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:31:08Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-b6eec7d50a544d9287324a246232a4c12023-12-03T13:35:53ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732022-08-011516592210.3390/en15165922Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur DioxideFredrik Hildor0Henrik Leion1Tobias Mattisson2Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 93 Göteborg, SwedenChemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 93 Göteborg, SwedenDepartment of Space, Earth and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 93 Göteborg, SwedenSteel converter slag, also called Linz-Donawitz (LD) slag, has been considered as an oxygen carrier for biofuel chemical looping applications due to its high availability. In addition to its content of iron which contributes to its oxygen-carrying capacity, LD slag also contains a significant amount of calcium. Calcium, however, is known to interact with sulfur, which may affect the usability of LD slag. To get a better understanding of the interaction between sulfur and LD slag, batch scale experiments have been performed using solid and gaseous fuel with or without sulfur dioxide, together with LD slag as an oxygen carrier. The reactivity and sulfur interaction were compared to the benchmark oxygen carrier ilmenite. Sulfur increases the gasification rate of biofuel char and the conversion of CO for both LD slag and ilmenite. However, no effect of sulfur could be seen on the conversion of the model tar species benzene. The increased gasification rate of char was suspected to originate from both surface-active sulfur and gaseous sulfur, increasing the reactivity and oxygen transfer of the oxygen carrier. Sulfur was partly absorbed into the LD slag particles with calcium, forming CaS and/or CaSO<sub>4</sub>. This, in turn, blocks the catalytic effect of CaO towards the water gas shift reaction. When the SO<sub>2</sub> vapor pressure was decreased, the absorbed sulfur was released as SO<sub>2</sub>. This indicates that sulfur may be released in loop-seals or in the air reactor in a continuous process.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/16/5922LD slagoxygen carriersteel converter slagchemical loopingsulfur chemistrybiomass |
| spellingShingle | Fredrik Hildor Henrik Leion Tobias Mattisson Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur Dioxide Energies LD slag oxygen carrier steel converter slag chemical looping sulfur chemistry biomass |
| title | Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur Dioxide |
| title_full | Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur Dioxide |
| title_fullStr | Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur Dioxide |
| title_full_unstemmed | Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur Dioxide |
| title_short | Steel Converter Slag as an Oxygen Carrier—Interaction with Sulfur Dioxide |
| title_sort | steel converter slag as an oxygen carrier interaction with sulfur dioxide |
| topic | LD slag oxygen carrier steel converter slag chemical looping sulfur chemistry biomass |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/15/16/5922 |
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