Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes in North Macedonia
Abstract Objective Thyroid diseases are the second most common endocrine disorders in the reproductive period of women. They can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, low Apgar score, low birthweight (LBW) or fetal death. The aim of the present study is to ex...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia |
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| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-72032021001000736&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1828125384078524416 |
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| author | Maja Avramovska Neda Milevska Kostova Borislav Karanfilski Sandra Hunziker Olivija Vaskova Goran Dimitrov Elena Dzikova Ana Daneva Markova Marija Hadzi Lega Gligor Tofoski Aleksandar Sikole |
| author_facet | Maja Avramovska Neda Milevska Kostova Borislav Karanfilski Sandra Hunziker Olivija Vaskova Goran Dimitrov Elena Dzikova Ana Daneva Markova Marija Hadzi Lega Gligor Tofoski Aleksandar Sikole |
| author_sort | Maja Avramovska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objective Thyroid diseases are the second most common endocrine disorders in the reproductive period of women. They can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, low Apgar score, low birthweight (LBW) or fetal death. The aim of the present study is to explore thyroid dysfunction and its relationship with some poor perinatal outcomes (Apgar Score, low birthweight, and preterm delivery). Methods Dried blood spot samples from 358 healthy pregnant women were analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroglobulin (Tg). Neonatal data were collected upon delivery. Four groups were formed based on thyroid function tests (TFTs). Results Of the 358 tested women, 218 (60.72%) were euthyroid. Isolated hypo thyroxinemia was present in 132 women (36.76%), subclinical hyperthyroidism in 7 women (1.94%), and overt hypothyroidism in 1 (0.28%). The perinatal outcomes IUGR (p = 0.028) and Apgar score 1 minute (p = 0.015) were significantly different between thyroid function test [TFT]-distinct groups. In the multiple regression analysis, TT4 showed a statistically significant inverse predictive impact on LBW (p < 0.0001), but a positive impact of Tg on LBW (p = 0.0351). Conclusion Thyroid hormones alone do not have a direct impact on neonatal outcomes, but the percentage of their participation in the total process cannot be neglected. Based on the regression analysis, we can conclude that TT4 and Tg can be used as predictors of neonatal outcome, expressed through birthweight and Apgar score. The present study aims to contribute to determine whether a test for thyroid status should become routine screening during pregnancy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:18:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7008e08695342cdbde823b45cb97143 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0100-7203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T15:18:22Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Federação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7008e08695342cdbde823b45cb971432022-12-22T04:16:25ZengFederação Brasileira das Sociedades de Ginecologia e ObstetríciaRevista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia0100-72032021-12-01431073674210.1055/s-0041-1736172Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes in North MacedoniaMaja Avramovskahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1129-1205Neda Milevska Kostovahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1596-9036Borislav Karanfilskihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2664-8919Sandra Hunzikerhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-8589-4389Olivija Vaskovahttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9958-9270Goran Dimitrovhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6783-9191Elena Dzikovahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-7560Ana Daneva Markovahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7011-9205Marija Hadzi Legahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5521-4685Gligor Tofoskihttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7181-455XAleksandar Sikolehttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-0323-7241Abstract Objective Thyroid diseases are the second most common endocrine disorders in the reproductive period of women. They can be associated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm delivery, low Apgar score, low birthweight (LBW) or fetal death. The aim of the present study is to explore thyroid dysfunction and its relationship with some poor perinatal outcomes (Apgar Score, low birthweight, and preterm delivery). Methods Dried blood spot samples from 358 healthy pregnant women were analyzed for thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), total thyroxine (TT4), and thyroglobulin (Tg). Neonatal data were collected upon delivery. Four groups were formed based on thyroid function tests (TFTs). Results Of the 358 tested women, 218 (60.72%) were euthyroid. Isolated hypo thyroxinemia was present in 132 women (36.76%), subclinical hyperthyroidism in 7 women (1.94%), and overt hypothyroidism in 1 (0.28%). The perinatal outcomes IUGR (p = 0.028) and Apgar score 1 minute (p = 0.015) were significantly different between thyroid function test [TFT]-distinct groups. In the multiple regression analysis, TT4 showed a statistically significant inverse predictive impact on LBW (p < 0.0001), but a positive impact of Tg on LBW (p = 0.0351). Conclusion Thyroid hormones alone do not have a direct impact on neonatal outcomes, but the percentage of their participation in the total process cannot be neglected. Based on the regression analysis, we can conclude that TT4 and Tg can be used as predictors of neonatal outcome, expressed through birthweight and Apgar score. The present study aims to contribute to determine whether a test for thyroid status should become routine screening during pregnancy.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-72032021001000736&tlng=enthyroid stimulating hormonetotal thyroxinethyroglobulinperinatal outcomeslow birth weight |
| spellingShingle | Maja Avramovska Neda Milevska Kostova Borislav Karanfilski Sandra Hunziker Olivija Vaskova Goran Dimitrov Elena Dzikova Ana Daneva Markova Marija Hadzi Lega Gligor Tofoski Aleksandar Sikole Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes in North Macedonia Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia thyroid stimulating hormone total thyroxine thyroglobulin perinatal outcomes low birth weight |
| title | Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes in North Macedonia |
| title_full | Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes in North Macedonia |
| title_fullStr | Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes in North Macedonia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes in North Macedonia |
| title_short | Thyroid Function of Pregnant Women and Perinatal Outcomes in North Macedonia |
| title_sort | thyroid function of pregnant women and perinatal outcomes in north macedonia |
| topic | thyroid stimulating hormone total thyroxine thyroglobulin perinatal outcomes low birth weight |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-72032021001000736&tlng=en |
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