Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Substance, Gas Production, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Four Types of Distiller’s Grains
Distiller’s grain is rich in natural active ingredients and can be used as an excellent antioxidant feed for goats. The current study aimed to assess the feeding value of four different types of distiller’s grains with an in vitro gas production trial. The chemical composition, total phenols, total...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-09-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/18/6134 |
| _version_ | 1797484220497526784 |
|---|---|
| author | Qi Lu Qingyuan Luo Jiaxuan Li Xu Wang Chao Ban Jixiao Qin Yayuan Tian Xingzhou Tian Xiang Chen |
| author_facet | Qi Lu Qingyuan Luo Jiaxuan Li Xu Wang Chao Ban Jixiao Qin Yayuan Tian Xingzhou Tian Xiang Chen |
| author_sort | Qi Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Distiller’s grain is rich in natural active ingredients and can be used as an excellent antioxidant feed for goats. The current study aimed to assess the feeding value of four different types of distiller’s grains with an in vitro gas production trial. The chemical composition, total phenols, total anthocyanins, dry matter degradability, methane, hydrogen, and rumen fermentation parameters were evaluated. The results indicated that red distiller’s grain and glutinous rice distiller’s grain had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) levels of crude protein than the other two types. There were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher concentrations of dry matter, ether extract, hemicellulose, and total carbohydrate in corn distiller’s grain than in the other three types of distiller’s grain. In addition, red distiller’s grain showed a higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) gas production rate constant (c) and ruminal outflow rate, as well as higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) concentrations of total phenol, total anthocyanins and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, than the other three types of distiller’s grains. In contrast, red distiller’s grain displayed the lowest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) immediately soluble fraction (a) and half the time of maximum gas production relative to the other samples. In particular, the levels of methane (%) in white distiller’s grain and glutinous rice distiller’s grain were greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than that in red distiller’s grain. Moreover, the ammonia nitrogen content in red distiller’s grain was greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than that in white distiller’s grain and corn distiller’s grain. In contrast, red distiller’s grain exhibited a lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) level of ruminal fluid acetic acid relative to that found in white distiller’s grain and corn distiller’s grain. Taken together, the results showed that red distiller’s grain and glutinous rice distiller’s grain could be used as protein feed, red distiller’s grain had higher levels of total phenols and total anthocyanins and a high DPPH scavenging activity; corn distiller’s grain might be considered as an alternative energy source feed, and white distiller’s grain exhibited higher total gas production. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:59:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b704d00ab87544929cfd172b7f18dadd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:59:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b704d00ab87544929cfd172b7f18dadd2023-11-23T18:04:55ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-09-012718613410.3390/molecules27186134Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Substance, Gas Production, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Four Types of Distiller’s GrainsQi Lu0Qingyuan Luo1Jiaxuan Li2Xu Wang3Chao Ban4Jixiao Qin5Yayuan Tian6Xingzhou Tian7Xiang Chen8Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaKey Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, ChinaDistiller’s grain is rich in natural active ingredients and can be used as an excellent antioxidant feed for goats. The current study aimed to assess the feeding value of four different types of distiller’s grains with an in vitro gas production trial. The chemical composition, total phenols, total anthocyanins, dry matter degradability, methane, hydrogen, and rumen fermentation parameters were evaluated. The results indicated that red distiller’s grain and glutinous rice distiller’s grain had higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) levels of crude protein than the other two types. There were significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.05) higher concentrations of dry matter, ether extract, hemicellulose, and total carbohydrate in corn distiller’s grain than in the other three types of distiller’s grain. In addition, red distiller’s grain showed a higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) gas production rate constant (c) and ruminal outflow rate, as well as higher (<i>p</i> < 0.05) concentrations of total phenol, total anthocyanins and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity, than the other three types of distiller’s grains. In contrast, red distiller’s grain displayed the lowest (<i>p</i> < 0.05) immediately soluble fraction (a) and half the time of maximum gas production relative to the other samples. In particular, the levels of methane (%) in white distiller’s grain and glutinous rice distiller’s grain were greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than that in red distiller’s grain. Moreover, the ammonia nitrogen content in red distiller’s grain was greater (<i>p</i> < 0.05) than that in white distiller’s grain and corn distiller’s grain. In contrast, red distiller’s grain exhibited a lower (<i>p</i> < 0.05) level of ruminal fluid acetic acid relative to that found in white distiller’s grain and corn distiller’s grain. Taken together, the results showed that red distiller’s grain and glutinous rice distiller’s grain could be used as protein feed, red distiller’s grain had higher levels of total phenols and total anthocyanins and a high DPPH scavenging activity; corn distiller’s grain might be considered as an alternative energy source feed, and white distiller’s grain exhibited higher total gas production.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/18/6134distiller’s grainstotal phenolsanthocyaninrumen fermentationmethane |
| spellingShingle | Qi Lu Qingyuan Luo Jiaxuan Li Xu Wang Chao Ban Jixiao Qin Yayuan Tian Xingzhou Tian Xiang Chen Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Substance, Gas Production, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Four Types of Distiller’s Grains Molecules distiller’s grains total phenols anthocyanin rumen fermentation methane |
| title | Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Substance, Gas Production, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Four Types of Distiller’s Grains |
| title_full | Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Substance, Gas Production, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Four Types of Distiller’s Grains |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Substance, Gas Production, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Four Types of Distiller’s Grains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Substance, Gas Production, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Four Types of Distiller’s Grains |
| title_short | Evaluation of the Chemical Composition, Bioactive Substance, Gas Production, and Rumen Fermentation Parameters of Four Types of Distiller’s Grains |
| title_sort | evaluation of the chemical composition bioactive substance gas production and rumen fermentation parameters of four types of distiller s grains |
| topic | distiller’s grains total phenols anthocyanin rumen fermentation methane |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/18/6134 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT qilu evaluationofthechemicalcompositionbioactivesubstancegasproductionandrumenfermentationparametersoffourtypesofdistillersgrains AT qingyuanluo evaluationofthechemicalcompositionbioactivesubstancegasproductionandrumenfermentationparametersoffourtypesofdistillersgrains AT jiaxuanli evaluationofthechemicalcompositionbioactivesubstancegasproductionandrumenfermentationparametersoffourtypesofdistillersgrains AT xuwang evaluationofthechemicalcompositionbioactivesubstancegasproductionandrumenfermentationparametersoffourtypesofdistillersgrains AT chaoban evaluationofthechemicalcompositionbioactivesubstancegasproductionandrumenfermentationparametersoffourtypesofdistillersgrains AT jixiaoqin evaluationofthechemicalcompositionbioactivesubstancegasproductionandrumenfermentationparametersoffourtypesofdistillersgrains AT yayuantian evaluationofthechemicalcompositionbioactivesubstancegasproductionandrumenfermentationparametersoffourtypesofdistillersgrains AT xingzhoutian evaluationofthechemicalcompositionbioactivesubstancegasproductionandrumenfermentationparametersoffourtypesofdistillersgrains AT xiangchen evaluationofthechemicalcompositionbioactivesubstancegasproductionandrumenfermentationparametersoffourtypesofdistillersgrains |