Identification and characterization of proteins that form the inner core Ixodes scapularis tick attachment cement layer
Abstract Ixodes scapularis long-term blood feeding behavior is facilitated by a tick secreted bio adhesive (tick cement) that attaches tick mouthparts to skin tissue and prevents the host from dislodging the attached tick. Understanding tick cement formation is highly sought after as its disruption...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24881-4 |
| _version_ | 1828277814903701504 |
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| author | Albert Mulenga Zeljko Radulovic Lindsay Porter Taylor Hollman Britten Tae Kwon Kim Lucas Tirloni Alex Kiarie Gaithuma Grace O. Adeniyi-Ipadeola Jolene K. Dietrich James J. Moresco John R. Yates |
| author_facet | Albert Mulenga Zeljko Radulovic Lindsay Porter Taylor Hollman Britten Tae Kwon Kim Lucas Tirloni Alex Kiarie Gaithuma Grace O. Adeniyi-Ipadeola Jolene K. Dietrich James J. Moresco John R. Yates |
| author_sort | Albert Mulenga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Ixodes scapularis long-term blood feeding behavior is facilitated by a tick secreted bio adhesive (tick cement) that attaches tick mouthparts to skin tissue and prevents the host from dislodging the attached tick. Understanding tick cement formation is highly sought after as its disruption will prevent tick feeding. This study describes proteins that form the inner core layer of I. scapularis tick cement as disrupting these proteins will likely stop formation of the outer cortical layer. The inner core cement layer completes formation by 24 h of tick attachment. Thus, we used laser-capture microdissection to isolate cement from cryosections of 6 h and 24 h tick attachment sites and to distinguish between early and late inner core cement proteins. LC–MS/MS analysis identified 138 tick cement proteins (TCPs) of which 37 and 35 were unique in cement of 6 and 24 h attached ticks respectively. We grouped TCPs in 14 functional categories: cuticular protein (16%), tick specific proteins of unknown function, cytoskeletal proteins, and enzymes (13% each), enzymes (10%), antioxidant, glycine rich, scaffolding, heat shock, histone, histamine binding, proteases and protease inhibitors, and miscellaneous (3–6% each). Gene ontology analysis confirm that TCPs are enriched for bio adhesive properties. Our data offer insights into tick cement bonding patterns and set the foundation for understanding the molecular basis of I. scapularis tick cement formation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:20:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b72626fb78f0460ebeeb45641900ac34 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T07:20:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-b72626fb78f0460ebeeb45641900ac342022-12-22T02:56:38ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222022-12-0112111410.1038/s41598-022-24881-4Identification and characterization of proteins that form the inner core Ixodes scapularis tick attachment cement layerAlbert Mulenga0Zeljko Radulovic1Lindsay Porter2Taylor Hollman Britten3Tae Kwon Kim4Lucas Tirloni5Alex Kiarie Gaithuma6Grace O. Adeniyi-Ipadeola7Jolene K. Dietrich8James J. Moresco9John R. Yates10Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M UniversityDepartment of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research InstituteDepartment of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research InstituteDepartment of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research InstituteAbstract Ixodes scapularis long-term blood feeding behavior is facilitated by a tick secreted bio adhesive (tick cement) that attaches tick mouthparts to skin tissue and prevents the host from dislodging the attached tick. Understanding tick cement formation is highly sought after as its disruption will prevent tick feeding. This study describes proteins that form the inner core layer of I. scapularis tick cement as disrupting these proteins will likely stop formation of the outer cortical layer. The inner core cement layer completes formation by 24 h of tick attachment. Thus, we used laser-capture microdissection to isolate cement from cryosections of 6 h and 24 h tick attachment sites and to distinguish between early and late inner core cement proteins. LC–MS/MS analysis identified 138 tick cement proteins (TCPs) of which 37 and 35 were unique in cement of 6 and 24 h attached ticks respectively. We grouped TCPs in 14 functional categories: cuticular protein (16%), tick specific proteins of unknown function, cytoskeletal proteins, and enzymes (13% each), enzymes (10%), antioxidant, glycine rich, scaffolding, heat shock, histone, histamine binding, proteases and protease inhibitors, and miscellaneous (3–6% each). Gene ontology analysis confirm that TCPs are enriched for bio adhesive properties. Our data offer insights into tick cement bonding patterns and set the foundation for understanding the molecular basis of I. scapularis tick cement formation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24881-4 |
| spellingShingle | Albert Mulenga Zeljko Radulovic Lindsay Porter Taylor Hollman Britten Tae Kwon Kim Lucas Tirloni Alex Kiarie Gaithuma Grace O. Adeniyi-Ipadeola Jolene K. Dietrich James J. Moresco John R. Yates Identification and characterization of proteins that form the inner core Ixodes scapularis tick attachment cement layer Scientific Reports |
| title | Identification and characterization of proteins that form the inner core Ixodes scapularis tick attachment cement layer |
| title_full | Identification and characterization of proteins that form the inner core Ixodes scapularis tick attachment cement layer |
| title_fullStr | Identification and characterization of proteins that form the inner core Ixodes scapularis tick attachment cement layer |
| title_full_unstemmed | Identification and characterization of proteins that form the inner core Ixodes scapularis tick attachment cement layer |
| title_short | Identification and characterization of proteins that form the inner core Ixodes scapularis tick attachment cement layer |
| title_sort | identification and characterization of proteins that form the inner core ixodes scapularis tick attachment cement layer |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-24881-4 |
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