Is Corticalization in Radiographs Related to a Higher Risk of Bone Loss around Dental Implants in Smoking Patients? A 5-Year Observation of Radiograph Bone-Texture Changes
Background: Currently, the topic of dental implants is widely researched. However, still compromising are the factors that can affect implant loss as a consequence of marginal bone loss. One of the factors is smoking, which has a devastating effect on human health and bone structure. Oral health and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/16/5351 |
| _version_ | 1797406188280741888 |
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| author | Tomasz Wach Piotr Hadrowicz Grzegorz Trybek Adam Michcik Marcin Kozakiewicz |
| author_facet | Tomasz Wach Piotr Hadrowicz Grzegorz Trybek Adam Michcik Marcin Kozakiewicz |
| author_sort | Tomasz Wach |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Currently, the topic of dental implants is widely researched. However, still compromising are the factors that can affect implant loss as a consequence of marginal bone loss. One of the factors is smoking, which has a devastating effect on human health and bone structure. Oral health and jaw condition are also negatively affected by smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peri-implant jawbone corticalization phenomenon in tobacco smokers. Methods: A total of 2196 samples from 768 patients with an implant in the neck area were checked, and texture features were analyzed. The corticalization phenomenon was investigated. All analyses were performed in MaZda Software. The influence of corticalization was investigated as a factor on bone structure near the implant neck. The statistical analysis included a feature distribution evaluation, mean (<i>t</i>-test) or median (W-test) comparison, analysis of regression and one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis test as no normal distribution or between-group variance was indicated for the significant differences in the investigated groups. Detected differences or relationships were assumed to be statistically significant when <i>p</i> < 0.05. Results: The research revealed that MBL was correlated with smoking after 5 years (0.42 mm ± 1.32 mm 0 mm ± 1.25 mm), the Corticalization Index was higher in the smoker group on the day of surgery, and it became higher after 5y of observation (185.98 ± 90.8 and 243.17 ± 155.47). The implant-loss frequency was higher in the group of smokers, too, compared to non-smokers (6.74% and 2.87%). The higher the torque value during the implant placement, the higher the Corticalization Phenomenon Index. Conclusions: The research revealed a correlation between smoking and changes in bone structure in radio textures near the implants. The corticalization phenomenon is important, may be detected immediately after implant placement and may be one of the indicators of the implant success rate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:22:45Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:22:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7279f888c1943358256ea0c91aed5be2023-12-03T15:07:46ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-08-011216535110.3390/jcm12165351Is Corticalization in Radiographs Related to a Higher Risk of Bone Loss around Dental Implants in Smoking Patients? A 5-Year Observation of Radiograph Bone-Texture ChangesTomasz Wach0Piotr Hadrowicz1Grzegorz Trybek2Adam Michcik3Marcin Kozakiewicz4Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskiego Str., 90-549 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Otolaryngology, Hospital in Sosnowiec, Zegadłowicza 3, 41-200 Sosnowiec, PolandDepartment of Oral Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdańsk, PolandDepartment of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Lodz, 113 Żeromskiego Str., 90-549 Lodz, PolandBackground: Currently, the topic of dental implants is widely researched. However, still compromising are the factors that can affect implant loss as a consequence of marginal bone loss. One of the factors is smoking, which has a devastating effect on human health and bone structure. Oral health and jaw condition are also negatively affected by smoking. The aim of this study was to evaluate the peri-implant jawbone corticalization phenomenon in tobacco smokers. Methods: A total of 2196 samples from 768 patients with an implant in the neck area were checked, and texture features were analyzed. The corticalization phenomenon was investigated. All analyses were performed in MaZda Software. The influence of corticalization was investigated as a factor on bone structure near the implant neck. The statistical analysis included a feature distribution evaluation, mean (<i>t</i>-test) or median (W-test) comparison, analysis of regression and one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal–Wallis test as no normal distribution or between-group variance was indicated for the significant differences in the investigated groups. Detected differences or relationships were assumed to be statistically significant when <i>p</i> < 0.05. Results: The research revealed that MBL was correlated with smoking after 5 years (0.42 mm ± 1.32 mm 0 mm ± 1.25 mm), the Corticalization Index was higher in the smoker group on the day of surgery, and it became higher after 5y of observation (185.98 ± 90.8 and 243.17 ± 155.47). The implant-loss frequency was higher in the group of smokers, too, compared to non-smokers (6.74% and 2.87%). The higher the torque value during the implant placement, the higher the Corticalization Phenomenon Index. Conclusions: The research revealed a correlation between smoking and changes in bone structure in radio textures near the implants. The corticalization phenomenon is important, may be detected immediately after implant placement and may be one of the indicators of the implant success rate.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/16/5351bone remodelingdental implantsmokingtorquemarginal bone lossintraoral radiographs |
| spellingShingle | Tomasz Wach Piotr Hadrowicz Grzegorz Trybek Adam Michcik Marcin Kozakiewicz Is Corticalization in Radiographs Related to a Higher Risk of Bone Loss around Dental Implants in Smoking Patients? A 5-Year Observation of Radiograph Bone-Texture Changes Journal of Clinical Medicine bone remodeling dental implant smoking torque marginal bone loss intraoral radiographs |
| title | Is Corticalization in Radiographs Related to a Higher Risk of Bone Loss around Dental Implants in Smoking Patients? A 5-Year Observation of Radiograph Bone-Texture Changes |
| title_full | Is Corticalization in Radiographs Related to a Higher Risk of Bone Loss around Dental Implants in Smoking Patients? A 5-Year Observation of Radiograph Bone-Texture Changes |
| title_fullStr | Is Corticalization in Radiographs Related to a Higher Risk of Bone Loss around Dental Implants in Smoking Patients? A 5-Year Observation of Radiograph Bone-Texture Changes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Is Corticalization in Radiographs Related to a Higher Risk of Bone Loss around Dental Implants in Smoking Patients? A 5-Year Observation of Radiograph Bone-Texture Changes |
| title_short | Is Corticalization in Radiographs Related to a Higher Risk of Bone Loss around Dental Implants in Smoking Patients? A 5-Year Observation of Radiograph Bone-Texture Changes |
| title_sort | is corticalization in radiographs related to a higher risk of bone loss around dental implants in smoking patients a 5 year observation of radiograph bone texture changes |
| topic | bone remodeling dental implant smoking torque marginal bone loss intraoral radiographs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/16/5351 |
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