Stochastic Modeling of Explosive Eruptive Events at Galeras Volcano, Colombia
A statistical analysis of explosive eruptive events can give important clues on the behavior of a volcano for both the time- and size-domains, producing crucial information for hazards assessment. In this paper, we analyze in these domains an up-to-date catalog of eruptive events at Galeras volcano,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-01-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.583703/full |
| _version_ | 1818429902398947328 |
|---|---|
| author | Laura Sandri Alexander Garcia Antonio Costa Alejandra Guerrero Lopez Gustavo Cordoba |
| author_facet | Laura Sandri Alexander Garcia Antonio Costa Alejandra Guerrero Lopez Gustavo Cordoba |
| author_sort | Laura Sandri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A statistical analysis of explosive eruptive events can give important clues on the behavior of a volcano for both the time- and size-domains, producing crucial information for hazards assessment. In this paper, we analyze in these domains an up-to-date catalog of eruptive events at Galeras volcano, collating data from the Colombian Geological Survey and from the Smithsonian Institution. The dataset appears to be complete, stationary and consisting of independent events since 1820, for events of magnitude ≥2.6. In the time-domain, Inter-Event Times are fitted by various renewal models to describe the observed repose times. On the basis of the Akaike Information Criterion, the preferred model is the Lognormal, with a characteristic time scale of ∼1.6 years. However, a tendency for the events to cluster in time into “eruptive cycles” is observed. Therefore, we perform a cluster analysis, to objectively identify clusters of events: we find three plausible partitions into 6, 8 and 11 clusters of events with magnitude ≥2.6 the 6-cluster partition being the preferred. The Inter-Event Times between cluster onsets (inter-cluster) and between events belonging to the same cluster (intra-cluster) are also modeled by renewal models. For inter-cluster data, the preferred model is the Brownian Passage Time, describing a periodical occurrence (mean return time ∼36 years) perturbed by a Gaussian noise. For the intra-cluster explosions, the preferred model is the Lognormal, with a characteristic time scale of ∼0.9 years. In the size-domain, we analyze only single events, due to the low number of clusters. Considering two independent parts of the catalog, we cannot reject the null hypothesis of the erupted mass being described by a power law, implying no characteristic eruption size. Finally, looking for time- and size-predictability, we find a significant inverse linear relationship between the logarithm of the erupted mass during a cycle and the time to the subsequent one. These results suggest that, presently, Galeras is still in the eruption cycle started in 2007; a new eruptive cycle may be expected in a few decades, unless the present cluster resumes to activity with magnitude ≥2.6. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:24:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b73251cce2364f8c99368b358e171847 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-6463 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T15:24:54Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Earth Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b73251cce2364f8c99368b358e1718472022-12-21T22:56:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Earth Science2296-64632021-01-01810.3389/feart.2020.583703583703Stochastic Modeling of Explosive Eruptive Events at Galeras Volcano, ColombiaLaura Sandri0Alexander Garcia1Antonio Costa2Alejandra Guerrero Lopez3Gustavo Cordoba4Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, ItalyIstituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Bologna, ItalyBarcelona Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Engineering, Universidad de Nariño, Pasto, ColombiaA statistical analysis of explosive eruptive events can give important clues on the behavior of a volcano for both the time- and size-domains, producing crucial information for hazards assessment. In this paper, we analyze in these domains an up-to-date catalog of eruptive events at Galeras volcano, collating data from the Colombian Geological Survey and from the Smithsonian Institution. The dataset appears to be complete, stationary and consisting of independent events since 1820, for events of magnitude ≥2.6. In the time-domain, Inter-Event Times are fitted by various renewal models to describe the observed repose times. On the basis of the Akaike Information Criterion, the preferred model is the Lognormal, with a characteristic time scale of ∼1.6 years. However, a tendency for the events to cluster in time into “eruptive cycles” is observed. Therefore, we perform a cluster analysis, to objectively identify clusters of events: we find three plausible partitions into 6, 8 and 11 clusters of events with magnitude ≥2.6 the 6-cluster partition being the preferred. The Inter-Event Times between cluster onsets (inter-cluster) and between events belonging to the same cluster (intra-cluster) are also modeled by renewal models. For inter-cluster data, the preferred model is the Brownian Passage Time, describing a periodical occurrence (mean return time ∼36 years) perturbed by a Gaussian noise. For the intra-cluster explosions, the preferred model is the Lognormal, with a characteristic time scale of ∼0.9 years. In the size-domain, we analyze only single events, due to the low number of clusters. Considering two independent parts of the catalog, we cannot reject the null hypothesis of the erupted mass being described by a power law, implying no characteristic eruption size. Finally, looking for time- and size-predictability, we find a significant inverse linear relationship between the logarithm of the erupted mass during a cycle and the time to the subsequent one. These results suggest that, presently, Galeras is still in the eruption cycle started in 2007; a new eruptive cycle may be expected in a few decades, unless the present cluster resumes to activity with magnitude ≥2.6.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.583703/fullcluster analysisstochastic modelingGalerasinter-event timestime-predictabilitysize-predictability |
| spellingShingle | Laura Sandri Alexander Garcia Antonio Costa Alejandra Guerrero Lopez Gustavo Cordoba Stochastic Modeling of Explosive Eruptive Events at Galeras Volcano, Colombia Frontiers in Earth Science cluster analysis stochastic modeling Galeras inter-event times time-predictability size-predictability |
| title | Stochastic Modeling of Explosive Eruptive Events at Galeras Volcano, Colombia |
| title_full | Stochastic Modeling of Explosive Eruptive Events at Galeras Volcano, Colombia |
| title_fullStr | Stochastic Modeling of Explosive Eruptive Events at Galeras Volcano, Colombia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stochastic Modeling of Explosive Eruptive Events at Galeras Volcano, Colombia |
| title_short | Stochastic Modeling of Explosive Eruptive Events at Galeras Volcano, Colombia |
| title_sort | stochastic modeling of explosive eruptive events at galeras volcano colombia |
| topic | cluster analysis stochastic modeling Galeras inter-event times time-predictability size-predictability |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/feart.2020.583703/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT laurasandri stochasticmodelingofexplosiveeruptiveeventsatgalerasvolcanocolombia AT alexandergarcia stochasticmodelingofexplosiveeruptiveeventsatgalerasvolcanocolombia AT antoniocosta stochasticmodelingofexplosiveeruptiveeventsatgalerasvolcanocolombia AT alejandraguerrerolopez stochasticmodelingofexplosiveeruptiveeventsatgalerasvolcanocolombia AT gustavocordoba stochasticmodelingofexplosiveeruptiveeventsatgalerasvolcanocolombia |