Combination of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis chinensis root inhibits nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo
Abstract Background Pelargonium sidoides (PS) and Coptis chinensis root (CR) have traditionally been used to treat various diseases, including respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, dysmenorrhea, and hepatic disorders. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects o...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2018-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-018-2088-x |
| _version_ | 1819008976861265920 |
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| author | Sang Mi Park Byung-Gu Min Ji Yun Jung Kyung Hwan Jegal Chul Won Lee Kwang Youn Kim Young Woo Kim Youn-Woong Choi Il Je Cho Sae Kwang Ku Sang Chan Kim |
| author_facet | Sang Mi Park Byung-Gu Min Ji Yun Jung Kyung Hwan Jegal Chul Won Lee Kwang Youn Kim Young Woo Kim Youn-Woong Choi Il Je Cho Sae Kwang Ku Sang Chan Kim |
| author_sort | Sang Mi Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Pelargonium sidoides (PS) and Coptis chinensis root (CR) have traditionally been used to treat various diseases, including respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, dysmenorrhea, and hepatic disorders. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a combination of PS and CR in vitro and in vivo. Methods The in vitro effects of PS + CR on the induction of inflammation-related proteins were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and of inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured using the Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, respectively. The expression of inflammation-related proteins was confirmed by Western blot. Additionally, the effects of PS + CR on paw edema volume, skin thickness, and numbers of infiltrated inflammatory cells, mast cells, COX-2-, iNOS-, and TNF-α-immunoreactive cells in dorsum and ventrum pedis skin were evaluated in a rat model of carrageenan (CA)-induced paw edema. Results PS + CR significantly reduced production of NO, PGE2 and three pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) and also decreased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Treatment with PS + CR significantly reduced the protein expression levels of LPS-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphorylated inhibitor of NF-κB (p-I-κBα). Additionally, PS + CR significantly inhibited the increases in paw swelling, skin thickness, infiltrated inflammatory cells, mast cell degranulation, COX-2-, iNOS-, and TNF-α-immunoreactive cells in the rat model of CA-induced acute edematous paw. Conclusions These results demonstrate that PS + CR exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), suppressing NF-κB signaling in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, the results of the CA-induced rat paw edema assay revealed an anti-edema effect of PS + CR. Furthermore, it is suggested that PS + CR also inhibits acute edematous inflammation by suppressing mast cell degranulation and inflammatory mediators (COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-α). Thus, PS + CR may be a potential candidate for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, and it may also contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory response regulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:49:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b741765b1bac44c78ae5d53b7d992542 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6882 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T00:49:02Z |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-b741765b1bac44c78ae5d53b7d9925422022-12-21T19:21:26ZengBMCBMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine1472-68822018-01-0118111310.1186/s12906-018-2088-xCombination of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis chinensis root inhibits nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivoSang Mi Park0Byung-Gu Min1Ji Yun Jung2Kyung Hwan Jegal3Chul Won Lee4Kwang Youn Kim5Young Woo Kim6Youn-Woong Choi7Il Je Cho8Sae Kwang Ku9Sang Chan Kim10College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany UniversityChungnam National UniversityCollege of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany UniversityCollege of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany UniversityCollege of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany UniversityCollege of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany UniversityCollege of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany UniversityKorea United Pharm Inc.College of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany UniversityCollege of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany UniversityCollege of Korean Medicine, Daegu Haany UniversityAbstract Background Pelargonium sidoides (PS) and Coptis chinensis root (CR) have traditionally been used to treat various diseases, including respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, dysmenorrhea, and hepatic disorders. The present study was conducted to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of a combination of PS and CR in vitro and in vivo. Methods The in vitro effects of PS + CR on the induction of inflammation-related proteins were evaluated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. The levels of nitric oxide (NO) and of inflammatory cytokines and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were measured using the Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods, respectively. The expression of inflammation-related proteins was confirmed by Western blot. Additionally, the effects of PS + CR on paw edema volume, skin thickness, and numbers of infiltrated inflammatory cells, mast cells, COX-2-, iNOS-, and TNF-α-immunoreactive cells in dorsum and ventrum pedis skin were evaluated in a rat model of carrageenan (CA)-induced paw edema. Results PS + CR significantly reduced production of NO, PGE2 and three pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) and also decreased levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Treatment with PS + CR significantly reduced the protein expression levels of LPS-stimulated nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and phosphorylated inhibitor of NF-κB (p-I-κBα). Additionally, PS + CR significantly inhibited the increases in paw swelling, skin thickness, infiltrated inflammatory cells, mast cell degranulation, COX-2-, iNOS-, and TNF-α-immunoreactive cells in the rat model of CA-induced acute edematous paw. Conclusions These results demonstrate that PS + CR exhibits anti-inflammatory properties through decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory mediators (NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6), suppressing NF-κB signaling in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Additionally, the results of the CA-induced rat paw edema assay revealed an anti-edema effect of PS + CR. Furthermore, it is suggested that PS + CR also inhibits acute edematous inflammation by suppressing mast cell degranulation and inflammatory mediators (COX-2, iNOS, and TNF-α). Thus, PS + CR may be a potential candidate for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases, and it may also contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammatory response regulation.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-018-2088-xPelargonium sidoidesCoptis chinensis rootInflammationNuclear factor kappa BPaw edemaHistopathology |
| spellingShingle | Sang Mi Park Byung-Gu Min Ji Yun Jung Kyung Hwan Jegal Chul Won Lee Kwang Youn Kim Young Woo Kim Youn-Woong Choi Il Je Cho Sae Kwang Ku Sang Chan Kim Combination of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis chinensis root inhibits nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine Pelargonium sidoides Coptis chinensis root Inflammation Nuclear factor kappa B Paw edema Histopathology |
| title | Combination of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis chinensis root inhibits nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo |
| title_full | Combination of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis chinensis root inhibits nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo |
| title_fullStr | Combination of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis chinensis root inhibits nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combination of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis chinensis root inhibits nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo |
| title_short | Combination of Pelargonium sidoides and Coptis chinensis root inhibits nuclear factor kappa B-mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo |
| title_sort | combination of pelargonium sidoides and coptis chinensis root inhibits nuclear factor kappa b mediated inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo |
| topic | Pelargonium sidoides Coptis chinensis root Inflammation Nuclear factor kappa B Paw edema Histopathology |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12906-018-2088-x |
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