Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects
In 2019, an ‘influenza pandemic’ and ‘vaccine hesitancy’ were listed as two of the top 10 challenges to global health by the WHO. The skin is a unique vaccination site, due to its immune-rich milieu, which is evolutionarily primed to respond to challenge, and its ability to induce both humoral and c...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/534 |
| _version_ | 1797553537276706816 |
|---|---|
| author | Johanna Hettinga Robert Carlisle |
| author_facet | Johanna Hettinga Robert Carlisle |
| author_sort | Johanna Hettinga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In 2019, an ‘influenza pandemic’ and ‘vaccine hesitancy’ were listed as two of the top 10 challenges to global health by the WHO. The skin is a unique vaccination site, due to its immune-rich milieu, which is evolutionarily primed to respond to challenge, and its ability to induce both humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccination into this dermal compartment offers a way of addressing both of the challenges presented by the WHO, as well as opening up avenues for novel vaccine formulation and dose-sparing strategies to enter the clinic. This review will provide an overview of the diverse range of vaccination techniques available to target the dermal compartment, as well as their current state, challenges, and prospects, and touch upon the formulations that have been developed to maximally benefit from these new techniques. These include needle and syringe techniques, microneedles, DNA tattooing, jet and ballistic delivery, and skin permeabilization techniques, including thermal ablation, chemical enhancers, ablation, electroporation, iontophoresis, and sonophoresis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:17:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b746100b596a473c9193249a752d2085 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:17:52Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-b746100b596a473c9193249a752d20852023-11-20T13:57:03ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2020-09-018353410.3390/vaccines8030534Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and ProspectsJohanna Hettinga0Robert Carlisle1Department of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UKDepartment of Engineering Science, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UKIn 2019, an ‘influenza pandemic’ and ‘vaccine hesitancy’ were listed as two of the top 10 challenges to global health by the WHO. The skin is a unique vaccination site, due to its immune-rich milieu, which is evolutionarily primed to respond to challenge, and its ability to induce both humoral and cellular immunity. Vaccination into this dermal compartment offers a way of addressing both of the challenges presented by the WHO, as well as opening up avenues for novel vaccine formulation and dose-sparing strategies to enter the clinic. This review will provide an overview of the diverse range of vaccination techniques available to target the dermal compartment, as well as their current state, challenges, and prospects, and touch upon the formulations that have been developed to maximally benefit from these new techniques. These include needle and syringe techniques, microneedles, DNA tattooing, jet and ballistic delivery, and skin permeabilization techniques, including thermal ablation, chemical enhancers, ablation, electroporation, iontophoresis, and sonophoresis.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/534vaccinetranscutaneousintradermalmicroneedlesballistic deliveryDNA tattooing |
| spellingShingle | Johanna Hettinga Robert Carlisle Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects Vaccines vaccine transcutaneous intradermal microneedles ballistic delivery DNA tattooing |
| title | Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects |
| title_full | Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects |
| title_fullStr | Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects |
| title_short | Vaccination into the Dermal Compartment: Techniques, Challenges, and Prospects |
| title_sort | vaccination into the dermal compartment techniques challenges and prospects |
| topic | vaccine transcutaneous intradermal microneedles ballistic delivery DNA tattooing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/3/534 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT johannahettinga vaccinationintothedermalcompartmenttechniqueschallengesandprospects AT robertcarlisle vaccinationintothedermalcompartmenttechniqueschallengesandprospects |