Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Djulis Hull on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury
Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i>), a pseudocereal crop native to Taiwan, is often utilized as a source of grain in the diet because of its high nutritional value. The hull of djulis is discarded as waste during cooking or processing because of its bitter taste. However, recent studi...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| author | Fuad Sauqi Isnain Nai-Chen Liao Hui-Yun Tsai Jue-Liang Hsu Pi-Jen Tsai Agustin Krisna Wardani Yu-Kuo Chen |
| author_facet | Fuad Sauqi Isnain Nai-Chen Liao Hui-Yun Tsai Jue-Liang Hsu Pi-Jen Tsai Agustin Krisna Wardani Yu-Kuo Chen |
| author_sort | Fuad Sauqi Isnain |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Djulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i>), a pseudocereal crop native to Taiwan, is often utilized as a source of grain in the diet because of its high nutritional value. The hull of djulis is discarded as waste during cooking or processing because of its bitter taste. However, recent studies have shown that djulis hull possesses certain benefits, such as antioxidant, blood sugar-lowering, and gut microbiota-regulating properties. Herein, the gastroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of djulis hull (EEDH) against stomach injury caused by indomethacin (IND) in C57BL/6J mice and its mechanism of action was assessed. Preadministration of EEDH significantly attenuated the gastric ulcer caused by IND in a dose-dependent manner (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, gastric mucosal injury and gastric wall edema within the submucosal layer observed in histopathological examination were improved by administration of EEDH. EEDH preadministration also reinstated the reduction of glutathione (GSH) content and catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities induced by IND, indicating that EEDH can modulate the antioxidant status of gastric mucosa in mice. Moreover, IND-induced decline of gastric COX-1 expression was upregulated in mice of EEDH treatment groups. Administration of IND increased the expression of proinflammatory proteins in the gastric mucosa of mice, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whereas EEDH treatment significantly decreased their expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Consequently, EEDH can improve gastric injury by regulating antioxidant status and inhibiting proinflammatory signaling pathways, and has the potential to be developed as a functional food for gastric protection. |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T10:07:08Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b74652b53ed34ea8a80d64b9acc1bb4e2023-11-16T14:59:09ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-01-0113159410.3390/app13010594Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Djulis Hull on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric InjuryFuad Sauqi Isnain0Nai-Chen Liao1Hui-Yun Tsai2Jue-Liang Hsu3Pi-Jen Tsai4Agustin Krisna Wardani5Yu-Kuo Chen6Department of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, IndonesiaDepartment of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDepartment of Nutrition and Health Science, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, TaiwanDepartment of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDepartment of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDepartment of Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Brawijaya University, Malang 65145, IndonesiaDepartment of Food Science, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, TaiwanDjulis (<i>Chenopodium formosanum</i>), a pseudocereal crop native to Taiwan, is often utilized as a source of grain in the diet because of its high nutritional value. The hull of djulis is discarded as waste during cooking or processing because of its bitter taste. However, recent studies have shown that djulis hull possesses certain benefits, such as antioxidant, blood sugar-lowering, and gut microbiota-regulating properties. Herein, the gastroprotective activity of ethanolic extract of djulis hull (EEDH) against stomach injury caused by indomethacin (IND) in C57BL/6J mice and its mechanism of action was assessed. Preadministration of EEDH significantly attenuated the gastric ulcer caused by IND in a dose-dependent manner (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Additionally, gastric mucosal injury and gastric wall edema within the submucosal layer observed in histopathological examination were improved by administration of EEDH. EEDH preadministration also reinstated the reduction of glutathione (GSH) content and catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities induced by IND, indicating that EEDH can modulate the antioxidant status of gastric mucosa in mice. Moreover, IND-induced decline of gastric COX-1 expression was upregulated in mice of EEDH treatment groups. Administration of IND increased the expression of proinflammatory proteins in the gastric mucosa of mice, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), whereas EEDH treatment significantly decreased their expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Consequently, EEDH can improve gastric injury by regulating antioxidant status and inhibiting proinflammatory signaling pathways, and has the potential to be developed as a functional food for gastric protection.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/594NSAIDsdjulisanti-inflammationgastric protectionglutathionefood nutrition improvement |
| spellingShingle | Fuad Sauqi Isnain Nai-Chen Liao Hui-Yun Tsai Jue-Liang Hsu Pi-Jen Tsai Agustin Krisna Wardani Yu-Kuo Chen Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Djulis Hull on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury Applied Sciences NSAIDs djulis anti-inflammation gastric protection glutathione food nutrition improvement |
| title | Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Djulis Hull on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury |
| title_full | Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Djulis Hull on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury |
| title_fullStr | Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Djulis Hull on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Djulis Hull on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury |
| title_short | Protective Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Djulis Hull on Indomethacin-Induced Gastric Injury |
| title_sort | protective effect of ethanolic extract of djulis hull on indomethacin induced gastric injury |
| topic | NSAIDs djulis anti-inflammation gastric protection glutathione food nutrition improvement |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/1/594 |
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