Coexistence between wildlife and livestock is contingent on cattle density and season but not differences in body size.
Many studies on the coexistence of wildlife with livestock have focused primarily on similar-sized species. Furthermore, many of these studies have used dietary overlap as a measure of potential competition between interacting species and thus lack the important link between dietary overlap and any...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2020-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236895 |
| _version_ | 1819142143835373568 |
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| author | Keenan Stears Adrian M Shrader |
| author_facet | Keenan Stears Adrian M Shrader |
| author_sort | Keenan Stears |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many studies on the coexistence of wildlife with livestock have focused primarily on similar-sized species. Furthermore, many of these studies have used dietary overlap as a measure of potential competition between interacting species and thus lack the important link between dietary overlap and any negative effects on a particular species-a prerequisite for competition. Consequently, the mechanisms that drive interspecific interactions between wildlife and cattle are frequently overlooked. To address this, we used an experimental setup where we leveraged different cattle stocking rates across two seasons to identify the drivers of interspecific interactions (i.e. competition and facilitation) between smaller-bodied oribi antelope and cattle. Using direct foraging observations, we assessed dietary overlap and grass regrowth, and also calculated oribi nutritional intake rates. Ultimately, we found that cattle compete with, and facilitate, smaller-bodied oribi antelope through bottom-up control. Specifically, cattle facilitated oribi during the wet season, irrespective of cattle stocking density, because cattle foraging produced high-quality grass regrowth. In contrast, during the dry season, cattle and oribi did not co-exist in the same areas (i.e. no direct dietary overlap). Despite this, we found that cattle foraging at high densities during the previous wet season reduced the dry season availability of oribi's preferred grass species. To compensate, oribi expanded their dry season diet breadth and included less palatable grass species, ultimately reducing their nutritional intake rates. Thus, cattle competed with oribi through a delayed, across-season habitat modification. We show that differences in body size alone may not be able to offset competitive interactions between cattle and wildlife. Finally, understanding the mechanisms that drive facilitation and competition are key to promoting co-existence between cattle and wildlife. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:05:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b746dd9c78474f149bf74688a5fb7ec2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T12:05:40Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-b746dd9c78474f149bf74688a5fb7ec22022-12-21T18:26:27ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032020-01-01157e023689510.1371/journal.pone.0236895Coexistence between wildlife and livestock is contingent on cattle density and season but not differences in body size.Keenan StearsAdrian M ShraderMany studies on the coexistence of wildlife with livestock have focused primarily on similar-sized species. Furthermore, many of these studies have used dietary overlap as a measure of potential competition between interacting species and thus lack the important link between dietary overlap and any negative effects on a particular species-a prerequisite for competition. Consequently, the mechanisms that drive interspecific interactions between wildlife and cattle are frequently overlooked. To address this, we used an experimental setup where we leveraged different cattle stocking rates across two seasons to identify the drivers of interspecific interactions (i.e. competition and facilitation) between smaller-bodied oribi antelope and cattle. Using direct foraging observations, we assessed dietary overlap and grass regrowth, and also calculated oribi nutritional intake rates. Ultimately, we found that cattle compete with, and facilitate, smaller-bodied oribi antelope through bottom-up control. Specifically, cattle facilitated oribi during the wet season, irrespective of cattle stocking density, because cattle foraging produced high-quality grass regrowth. In contrast, during the dry season, cattle and oribi did not co-exist in the same areas (i.e. no direct dietary overlap). Despite this, we found that cattle foraging at high densities during the previous wet season reduced the dry season availability of oribi's preferred grass species. To compensate, oribi expanded their dry season diet breadth and included less palatable grass species, ultimately reducing their nutritional intake rates. Thus, cattle competed with oribi through a delayed, across-season habitat modification. We show that differences in body size alone may not be able to offset competitive interactions between cattle and wildlife. Finally, understanding the mechanisms that drive facilitation and competition are key to promoting co-existence between cattle and wildlife.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236895 |
| spellingShingle | Keenan Stears Adrian M Shrader Coexistence between wildlife and livestock is contingent on cattle density and season but not differences in body size. PLoS ONE |
| title | Coexistence between wildlife and livestock is contingent on cattle density and season but not differences in body size. |
| title_full | Coexistence between wildlife and livestock is contingent on cattle density and season but not differences in body size. |
| title_fullStr | Coexistence between wildlife and livestock is contingent on cattle density and season but not differences in body size. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Coexistence between wildlife and livestock is contingent on cattle density and season but not differences in body size. |
| title_short | Coexistence between wildlife and livestock is contingent on cattle density and season but not differences in body size. |
| title_sort | coexistence between wildlife and livestock is contingent on cattle density and season but not differences in body size |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236895 |
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