Carbon Sequestration in Remediated Post-Mining Soils: A New Indicator for the Vertical Soil Organic Carbon Variability Evaluation in Remediated Post-Mining Soils
The present study experimentally investigated two different open-cast post-mining areas with different remediation methods for the vertical distribution of sequestered soil organic carbon (SOC). The study has been performed for two soil layers (0–15 cm, and 15–30 cm) for the four areas with differen...
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/16/5876 |
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| author | Aneta Kowalska Jana Růžičková Marek Kucbel Anna Grobelak |
| author_facet | Aneta Kowalska Jana Růžičková Marek Kucbel Anna Grobelak |
| author_sort | Aneta Kowalska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study experimentally investigated two different open-cast post-mining areas with different remediation methods for the vertical distribution of sequestered soil organic carbon (SOC). The study has been performed for two soil layers (0–15 cm, and 15–30 cm) for the four areas with different remediation advancement (up to 20 years) at both studied post-mining soils: the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment and lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge. The study revealed that SOC is more stable within soil depths for lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge in comparison to the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment. The lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge showed a better hydrophobicity, humidity, aromaticity, and C/N ratio according to the <sup>13</sup>C NMR. Therefore, in that soil, an increased microbial community has been observed. The study observed a positive correlation between GRSP content with a fungi community within soil depths. For lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge, the activity of ureases and dehydrogenases was generally lower compared to the post-mining soil remediation with embankment. The investigation found good parameters of Ce and NCER which for both studied areas were negative which indicate for the privilege of the higher capturing of CO<sub>2</sub> over its release from the soil into the atmosphere. The study finds no relevant changes in SOC, POXC, TC, and LOI content within soil depth and remediation age. Due to the lack of a possible well-describing indicator of the vertical distribution of SOC stability in post-mining remediation soil, we proposed two different indicators for differentially managed post-mining soil remediations. The model of calculation of vertical SOC variability index can be universally used for different post-mining soils under remediation, however, both proposed calculated indexes are unique for studied soils. The proposed model of an index may be helpful for remediation management, C sequestration prediction, and lowering the carbon footprint of mining activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:59:30Z |
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| id | doaj.art-b76ebf4cad9c4ca3a57f97fe53d7631c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:59:30Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-b76ebf4cad9c4ca3a57f97fe53d7631c2023-11-19T00:55:25ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-08-011616587610.3390/en16165876Carbon Sequestration in Remediated Post-Mining Soils: A New Indicator for the Vertical Soil Organic Carbon Variability Evaluation in Remediated Post-Mining SoilsAneta Kowalska0Jana Růžičková1Marek Kucbel2Anna Grobelak3Faculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, PolandCentre ENET—Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicCentre ENET—Energy Units for Utilization of Non-Traditional Energy Sources, VŠB—Technical University of Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15/2172, 708 33 Ostrava-Poruba, Czech RepublicFaculty of Infrastructure and Environment, Czestochowa University of Technology, 42-201 Czestochowa, PolandThe present study experimentally investigated two different open-cast post-mining areas with different remediation methods for the vertical distribution of sequestered soil organic carbon (SOC). The study has been performed for two soil layers (0–15 cm, and 15–30 cm) for the four areas with different remediation advancement (up to 20 years) at both studied post-mining soils: the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment and lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge. The study revealed that SOC is more stable within soil depths for lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge in comparison to the limestone post-mining soil remediated with embankment. The lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge showed a better hydrophobicity, humidity, aromaticity, and C/N ratio according to the <sup>13</sup>C NMR. Therefore, in that soil, an increased microbial community has been observed. The study observed a positive correlation between GRSP content with a fungi community within soil depths. For lignite post-mining soil remediated with sewage sludge, the activity of ureases and dehydrogenases was generally lower compared to the post-mining soil remediation with embankment. The investigation found good parameters of Ce and NCER which for both studied areas were negative which indicate for the privilege of the higher capturing of CO<sub>2</sub> over its release from the soil into the atmosphere. The study finds no relevant changes in SOC, POXC, TC, and LOI content within soil depth and remediation age. Due to the lack of a possible well-describing indicator of the vertical distribution of SOC stability in post-mining remediation soil, we proposed two different indicators for differentially managed post-mining soil remediations. The model of calculation of vertical SOC variability index can be universally used for different post-mining soils under remediation, however, both proposed calculated indexes are unique for studied soils. The proposed model of an index may be helpful for remediation management, C sequestration prediction, and lowering the carbon footprint of mining activity.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/16/5876post-mining soilsSOC sequestrationsoil layersvertical SOC variability indexindicatorGRSP |
| spellingShingle | Aneta Kowalska Jana Růžičková Marek Kucbel Anna Grobelak Carbon Sequestration in Remediated Post-Mining Soils: A New Indicator for the Vertical Soil Organic Carbon Variability Evaluation in Remediated Post-Mining Soils Energies post-mining soils SOC sequestration soil layers vertical SOC variability index indicator GRSP |
| title | Carbon Sequestration in Remediated Post-Mining Soils: A New Indicator for the Vertical Soil Organic Carbon Variability Evaluation in Remediated Post-Mining Soils |
| title_full | Carbon Sequestration in Remediated Post-Mining Soils: A New Indicator for the Vertical Soil Organic Carbon Variability Evaluation in Remediated Post-Mining Soils |
| title_fullStr | Carbon Sequestration in Remediated Post-Mining Soils: A New Indicator for the Vertical Soil Organic Carbon Variability Evaluation in Remediated Post-Mining Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Carbon Sequestration in Remediated Post-Mining Soils: A New Indicator for the Vertical Soil Organic Carbon Variability Evaluation in Remediated Post-Mining Soils |
| title_short | Carbon Sequestration in Remediated Post-Mining Soils: A New Indicator for the Vertical Soil Organic Carbon Variability Evaluation in Remediated Post-Mining Soils |
| title_sort | carbon sequestration in remediated post mining soils a new indicator for the vertical soil organic carbon variability evaluation in remediated post mining soils |
| topic | post-mining soils SOC sequestration soil layers vertical SOC variability index indicator GRSP |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/16/5876 |
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