| Summary: | The relationship between the in-stent neoatherosclerosis (ISNA) formation and
the plaque’s characteristic changes in the non-culprit lesion is unclear. We aim
to investigate the plaque characteristics changes at non-culprit lesions between
patients with ISNA and without ISNA formation at 1-year follow-up. We
retrospectively enrolled patients who had DES implantation in de novo lesion and
underwent immediately after stenting and 1-year follow-up optical coherence
tomography (OCT) examination. OCT-defined ISNA was defined as the presence of
lipid-laden neointima or calcification within the culprit stent with a
longitudinal extension of ≥1 mm. Non-culprit lesions were divided into two
groups: ISNA group (with ISNA) and non-ISNA group (without ISNA). Plaque
characteristics of non-culprit lesions were evaluated at baseline and 1-year
follow-up. In total, 89 patients with 89 non-culprit lesions (ISNA: n = 37;
non-ISNA: n = 52) were included in the analyses. The lesions in the ISNA group
show a smaller minimum lumen area compared to the non-ISNA group at 1-year
follow-up (2.57 ± 1.08 mm2 versus 3.20 ± 1.62 mm2,
p = 0.044). The lesions of the ISNA group show a significant decrease in
minimum lumen area changes percent (–7.25% versus 6.46%, p = 0.039).
And there are more lesions with minimum lumen area (64.9% versus 38.5%,
p = 0.014) and minimum lumen diameter (64.9% versus 40.4%, p
= 0.023) decrease in the ISNA group. Furthermore, the lesions in ISNA group have
more plaques with lipid core length increase (25.0% versus 10.0%, p =
0.040), more plaques with FCT decrease (50.0% versus 74.0%, p = 0.027)
and less TCFA change to non-TCFA (33.3% versus 87.5%, p = 0.010). The
plaque characteristic changes in non-culprit lesions are closely related to ISNA
formation. The ISNA formation may accompany by a tardier plaque stabilization
process in non-culprit lesions.
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