Sulfo-Gambierones, Two New Analogs of Gambierone Produced by <i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i>
Ciguatera poisoning is caused by the ingestion of fish or shellfish contaminated with ciguatoxins produced by dinoflagellate species belonging to the genera <i>Gambierdiscus</i> and <i>Fukuyoa</i>. Unlike in the Pacific region, the species producing ciguatoxins in the Atlanti...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/12/657 |
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| author | Thomas Yon Manoëlla Sibat Elise Robert Korian Lhaute William C. Holland R. Wayne Litaker Samuel Bertrand Philipp Hess Damien Réveillon |
| author_facet | Thomas Yon Manoëlla Sibat Elise Robert Korian Lhaute William C. Holland R. Wayne Litaker Samuel Bertrand Philipp Hess Damien Réveillon |
| author_sort | Thomas Yon |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ciguatera poisoning is caused by the ingestion of fish or shellfish contaminated with ciguatoxins produced by dinoflagellate species belonging to the genera <i>Gambierdiscus</i> and <i>Fukuyoa</i>. Unlike in the Pacific region, the species producing ciguatoxins in the Atlantic Ocean have yet to be definitely identified, though some ciguatoxins responsible for ciguatera have been reported from fish. Previous studies investigating the ciguatoxin-like toxicity of Atlantic <i>Gambierdiscus</i> species using Neuro2a cell-based assay identified <i>G. excentricus</i> as a potential toxin producer. To more rigorously characterize the toxin profile produced by this species, a purified extract from 124 million cells was prepared and partial characterization by high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed. The analysis revealed two new analogs of the polyether gambierone: sulfo-gambierone and dihydro-sulfo-gambierone. Algal ciguatoxins were not identified. The very low ciguatoxin-like toxicity of the two new analogs obtained by the Neuro2a cell-based assay suggests they are not responsible for the relatively high toxicity previously observed when using fractionated <i>G. excentricus</i> extracts, and are unlikely the cause of ciguatera in the region. These compounds, however, can be useful as biomarkers of the presence of <i>G. excentricus</i> due to their sensitive detection by mass spectrometry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7a5fe8acf3447eea0099c9b32cd21f4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:41:20Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7a5fe8acf3447eea0099c9b32cd21f42023-11-23T09:17:50ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972021-11-01191265710.3390/md19120657Sulfo-Gambierones, Two New Analogs of Gambierone Produced by <i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i>Thomas Yon0Manoëlla Sibat1Elise Robert2Korian Lhaute3William C. Holland4R. Wayne Litaker5Samuel Bertrand6Philipp Hess7Damien Réveillon8Laboratoire Phycotoxines, DYNECO, Ifremer, F-44000 Nantes, FranceLaboratoire Phycotoxines, DYNECO, Ifremer, F-44000 Nantes, FranceLaboratoire Phycotoxines, DYNECO, Ifremer, F-44000 Nantes, FranceLaboratoire Phycotoxines, DYNECO, Ifremer, F-44000 Nantes, FranceBeaufort Laboratory, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516, USACSS, Inc. Under Contract to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, National Ocean Service, Beaufort, NC 28516, USAInstitut des Substances et Organismes de la Mer, ISOMER, Nantes Université, UR 2160, F-44000 Nantes, FranceLaboratoire Phycotoxines, DYNECO, Ifremer, F-44000 Nantes, FranceLaboratoire Phycotoxines, DYNECO, Ifremer, F-44000 Nantes, FranceCiguatera poisoning is caused by the ingestion of fish or shellfish contaminated with ciguatoxins produced by dinoflagellate species belonging to the genera <i>Gambierdiscus</i> and <i>Fukuyoa</i>. Unlike in the Pacific region, the species producing ciguatoxins in the Atlantic Ocean have yet to be definitely identified, though some ciguatoxins responsible for ciguatera have been reported from fish. Previous studies investigating the ciguatoxin-like toxicity of Atlantic <i>Gambierdiscus</i> species using Neuro2a cell-based assay identified <i>G. excentricus</i> as a potential toxin producer. To more rigorously characterize the toxin profile produced by this species, a purified extract from 124 million cells was prepared and partial characterization by high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed. The analysis revealed two new analogs of the polyether gambierone: sulfo-gambierone and dihydro-sulfo-gambierone. Algal ciguatoxins were not identified. The very low ciguatoxin-like toxicity of the two new analogs obtained by the Neuro2a cell-based assay suggests they are not responsible for the relatively high toxicity previously observed when using fractionated <i>G. excentricus</i> extracts, and are unlikely the cause of ciguatera in the region. These compounds, however, can be useful as biomarkers of the presence of <i>G. excentricus</i> due to their sensitive detection by mass spectrometry.https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/12/657<i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i>sulfo-gambieroneshigh-resolution mass spectrometryNeuro2a cell-based assay |
| spellingShingle | Thomas Yon Manoëlla Sibat Elise Robert Korian Lhaute William C. Holland R. Wayne Litaker Samuel Bertrand Philipp Hess Damien Réveillon Sulfo-Gambierones, Two New Analogs of Gambierone Produced by <i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i> Marine Drugs <i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i> sulfo-gambierones high-resolution mass spectrometry Neuro2a cell-based assay |
| title | Sulfo-Gambierones, Two New Analogs of Gambierone Produced by <i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i> |
| title_full | Sulfo-Gambierones, Two New Analogs of Gambierone Produced by <i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Sulfo-Gambierones, Two New Analogs of Gambierone Produced by <i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sulfo-Gambierones, Two New Analogs of Gambierone Produced by <i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i> |
| title_short | Sulfo-Gambierones, Two New Analogs of Gambierone Produced by <i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i> |
| title_sort | sulfo gambierones two new analogs of gambierone produced by i gambierdiscus excentricus i |
| topic | <i>Gambierdiscus excentricus</i> sulfo-gambierones high-resolution mass spectrometry Neuro2a cell-based assay |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/19/12/657 |
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