Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Immunomodulation in Renal Cell Cancers: The Past, Present, and Future
Angiogenesis inhibitors have been adopted into the standard armamentarium of therapies for advanced-stage renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but more recently, combination regimens with immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated better outcomes. Despite this, the majority of affected patients still ev...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/6/1406 |
| _version_ | 1797472467743145984 |
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| author | Lawrence Kasherman Derrick Ho Wai Siu Rachel Woodford Carole A. Harris |
| author_facet | Lawrence Kasherman Derrick Ho Wai Siu Rachel Woodford Carole A. Harris |
| author_sort | Lawrence Kasherman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Angiogenesis inhibitors have been adopted into the standard armamentarium of therapies for advanced-stage renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but more recently, combination regimens with immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated better outcomes. Despite this, the majority of affected patients still eventually experience progressive disease due to therapeutic resistance mechanisms, and there remains a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. This article will review the synergistic mechanisms behind angiogenesis and immunomodulation in the tumor microenvironment and discuss the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for both clear-cell and non-clear-cell RCC, exploring opportunities for future growth in this exciting area of drug development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:03:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7b1da695cf046a5b0def1a876874ea9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:03:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7b1da695cf046a5b0def1a876874ea92023-11-24T00:40:29ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942022-03-01146140610.3390/cancers14061406Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Immunomodulation in Renal Cell Cancers: The Past, Present, and FutureLawrence Kasherman0Derrick Ho Wai Siu1Rachel Woodford2Carole A. Harris3Department of Medical Oncology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, AustraliaDepartment of Medical Oncology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, AustraliaDepartment of Medical Oncology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, AustraliaDepartment of Medical Oncology, St. George Hospital, Kogarah, NSW 2217, AustraliaAngiogenesis inhibitors have been adopted into the standard armamentarium of therapies for advanced-stage renal cell carcinomas (RCC), but more recently, combination regimens with immune checkpoint inhibitors have demonstrated better outcomes. Despite this, the majority of affected patients still eventually experience progressive disease due to therapeutic resistance mechanisms, and there remains a need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. This article will review the synergistic mechanisms behind angiogenesis and immunomodulation in the tumor microenvironment and discuss the pre-clinical and clinical evidence for both clear-cell and non-clear-cell RCC, exploring opportunities for future growth in this exciting area of drug development.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/6/1406renal cell carcinomaimmunotherapyangiogenesis inhibitortargeted therapydrug resistancetumor microenvironment |
| spellingShingle | Lawrence Kasherman Derrick Ho Wai Siu Rachel Woodford Carole A. Harris Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Immunomodulation in Renal Cell Cancers: The Past, Present, and Future Cancers renal cell carcinoma immunotherapy angiogenesis inhibitor targeted therapy drug resistance tumor microenvironment |
| title | Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Immunomodulation in Renal Cell Cancers: The Past, Present, and Future |
| title_full | Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Immunomodulation in Renal Cell Cancers: The Past, Present, and Future |
| title_fullStr | Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Immunomodulation in Renal Cell Cancers: The Past, Present, and Future |
| title_full_unstemmed | Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Immunomodulation in Renal Cell Cancers: The Past, Present, and Future |
| title_short | Angiogenesis Inhibitors and Immunomodulation in Renal Cell Cancers: The Past, Present, and Future |
| title_sort | angiogenesis inhibitors and immunomodulation in renal cell cancers the past present and future |
| topic | renal cell carcinoma immunotherapy angiogenesis inhibitor targeted therapy drug resistance tumor microenvironment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/14/6/1406 |
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