The Burden of Cardiovascular Disease Attributable to Major Modifiable Risk Factors in Indonesia
Background: In Indonesia, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke are estimated to cause more than 470 000 deaths annually. In order to inform primary prevention policies, we estimated the sex- and age-specific burden of CHD and stroke attributable to five major and modifiable vascular risk factor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Japan Epidemiological Association
2016-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Epidemiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jea/26/10/26_JE20150178/_pdf |
| Summary: | Background: In Indonesia, coronary heart disease (CHD) and stroke are estimated to cause more than 470 000
deaths annually. In order to inform primary prevention policies, we estimated the sex- and age-specific burden of
CHD and stroke attributable to five major and modifiable vascular risk factors: cigarette smoking, hypertension,
diabetes, elevated total cholesterol, and excess body weight.
Methods: Population attributable risks for CHD and stroke attributable to these risk factors individually were
calculated using summary statistics obtained for prevalence of each risk factor specific to sex and to two age
categories (<55 and ≥55 years) from a national survey in Indonesia. Age- and sex-specific relative risks for CHD and
stroke associated with each of the five risk factors were derived from prospective data from the Asia-Pacific region.
Results: Hypertension was the leading vascular risk factor, explaining 20%–25% of all CHD and 36%–42% of all
strokes in both sexes and approximately one-third of all CHD and half of all strokes across younger and older age
groups alike. Smoking in men explained a substantial proportion of vascular events (25% of CHD and 17% of
strokes). However, given that these risk factors are likely to be strongly correlated, these population attributable risk
proportions are likely to be overestimates and require verification from future studies that are able to take into account
correlation between risk factors.
Conclusions: Implementation of effective population-based prevention strategies aimed at reducing levels of major
cardiovascular risk factors, especially blood pressure, total cholesterol, and smoking prevalence among men, could
reduce the growing burden of CVD in the Indonesian population. |
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| ISSN: | 0917-5040 1349-9092 |