Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Variation of NO<sub>2</sub> and Its Sources and Chemical Sinks in Shanxi Province, China
In present China, continuing to control PM<sub>2.5</sub> (particulate matter < 2.5 μm) and preventing the rise of O<sub>3</sub> are the most urgent environmental tasks in its air clean actions. Considering that NO<sub>2</sub> is an important precursor of PM<...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1096 |
| _version_ | 1797407526127403008 |
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| author | Hongyan Li Jin Zhang Biao Wen Shidan Huang Shuqin Gao Hongyu Li Zhixin Zhao Yanru Zhang Guo Fu Jingai Bai Yang Cui Qiusheng He Zhentao Wang |
| author_facet | Hongyan Li Jin Zhang Biao Wen Shidan Huang Shuqin Gao Hongyu Li Zhixin Zhao Yanru Zhang Guo Fu Jingai Bai Yang Cui Qiusheng He Zhentao Wang |
| author_sort | Hongyan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In present China, continuing to control PM<sub>2.5</sub> (particulate matter < 2.5 μm) and preventing the rise of O<sub>3</sub> are the most urgent environmental tasks in its air clean actions. Considering that NO<sub>2</sub> is an important precursor of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>, a comprehensive analysis around this pollutant was conducted based on the real-time-monitoring data from Jan 2018 to Mar 2019 in 11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province of China. The results showed that the annual average concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> in Shanxi prefecture-level cities is mainly distributed in the range of 28.84–48.93 μg/m<sup>3</sup> with the values in five cities exceeding the Chinese Grade Ⅱ standard limit (40 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). The over-standard days were all concentrated in the heating season with a large pollution peak occurring in winter except in Lvliang, while four cities also had a small pollution peak in summer. High NO<sub>2</sub> polluted areas were mainly concentrated in the central part of Shanxi, and trended on the whole from the southwest to the northeast (Lvliang/Linfen—Taiyuan/Jinzhong—Yangquan/Jinzhong), which was different from the spatial distribution of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>. Lvliang was the hot spot of NO<sub>2</sub> pollution in summer, while Taiyuan was the hot spot in winter. Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT) analysis indicated that central-north Shaanxi, central-south Shanxi, northern Henan, the south of Shijiazhuang and areas around Erdos in Inner Mongolia were important source areas of NO<sub>2</sub> in Shanxi besides local emissions. Our findings are expected to provide valuable implications to policymakers in Shanxi of China to effectively abate the air pollution. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:42:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7bdff4d17d0442c955eb8e0f1acf399 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:42:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7bdff4d17d0442c955eb8e0f1acf3992023-12-03T14:38:52ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-07-01137109610.3390/atmos13071096Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Variation of NO<sub>2</sub> and Its Sources and Chemical Sinks in Shanxi Province, ChinaHongyan Li0Jin Zhang1Biao Wen2Shidan Huang3Shuqin Gao4Hongyu Li5Zhixin Zhao6Yanru Zhang7Guo Fu8Jingai Bai9Yang Cui10Qiusheng He11Zhentao Wang12School of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaKey Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environment Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaCollege of International Education, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 100000, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaSchool of Environment and Resources, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030000, ChinaIn present China, continuing to control PM<sub>2.5</sub> (particulate matter < 2.5 μm) and preventing the rise of O<sub>3</sub> are the most urgent environmental tasks in its air clean actions. Considering that NO<sub>2</sub> is an important precursor of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>, a comprehensive analysis around this pollutant was conducted based on the real-time-monitoring data from Jan 2018 to Mar 2019 in 11 prefecture-level cities in Shanxi Province of China. The results showed that the annual average concentration of NO<sub>2</sub> in Shanxi prefecture-level cities is mainly distributed in the range of 28.84–48.93 μg/m<sup>3</sup> with the values in five cities exceeding the Chinese Grade Ⅱ standard limit (40 μg/m<sup>3</sup>). The over-standard days were all concentrated in the heating season with a large pollution peak occurring in winter except in Lvliang, while four cities also had a small pollution peak in summer. High NO<sub>2</sub> polluted areas were mainly concentrated in the central part of Shanxi, and trended on the whole from the southwest to the northeast (Lvliang/Linfen—Taiyuan/Jinzhong—Yangquan/Jinzhong), which was different from the spatial distribution of PM<sub>2.5</sub> and O<sub>3</sub>. Lvliang was the hot spot of NO<sub>2</sub> pollution in summer, while Taiyuan was the hot spot in winter. Concentration Weighted Trajectory (CWT) analysis indicated that central-north Shaanxi, central-south Shanxi, northern Henan, the south of Shijiazhuang and areas around Erdos in Inner Mongolia were important source areas of NO<sub>2</sub> in Shanxi besides local emissions. Our findings are expected to provide valuable implications to policymakers in Shanxi of China to effectively abate the air pollution.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1096NO<sub>2</sub>diurnal variationmonthly variationspatial distributionlocal spatial autocorrelationregional source |
| spellingShingle | Hongyan Li Jin Zhang Biao Wen Shidan Huang Shuqin Gao Hongyu Li Zhixin Zhao Yanru Zhang Guo Fu Jingai Bai Yang Cui Qiusheng He Zhentao Wang Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Variation of NO<sub>2</sub> and Its Sources and Chemical Sinks in Shanxi Province, China Atmosphere NO<sub>2</sub> diurnal variation monthly variation spatial distribution local spatial autocorrelation regional source |
| title | Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Variation of NO<sub>2</sub> and Its Sources and Chemical Sinks in Shanxi Province, China |
| title_full | Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Variation of NO<sub>2</sub> and Its Sources and Chemical Sinks in Shanxi Province, China |
| title_fullStr | Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Variation of NO<sub>2</sub> and Its Sources and Chemical Sinks in Shanxi Province, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Variation of NO<sub>2</sub> and Its Sources and Chemical Sinks in Shanxi Province, China |
| title_short | Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Variation of NO<sub>2</sub> and Its Sources and Chemical Sinks in Shanxi Province, China |
| title_sort | spatial temporal distribution and variation of no sub 2 sub and its sources and chemical sinks in shanxi province china |
| topic | NO<sub>2</sub> diurnal variation monthly variation spatial distribution local spatial autocorrelation regional source |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/7/1096 |
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