Are Further Cross Section Measurements Necessary for Space Radiation Protection or Ion Therapy Applications? Helium Projectiles
The helium (4He) component of the primary particles in the galactic cosmic ray spectrum makes significant contributions to the total astronaut radiation exposure. 4He ions are also desirable for direct applications in ion therapy. They contribute smaller projectile fragmentation than carbon (12C) io...
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| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2020.565954/full |
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| author | John W. Norbury Giuseppe Battistoni Judith Besuglow Judith Besuglow Luca Bocchini Daria Boscolo Alexander Botvina Martha Clowdsley Wouter de Wet Marco Durante Marco Durante Martina Giraudo Thomas Haberer Lawrence Heilbronn Felix Horst Michael Krämer Chiara La Tessa Chiara La Tessa Francesca Luoni Francesca Luoni Andrea Mairani Silvia Muraro Ryan B. Norman Vincenzo Patera Giovanni Santin Giovanni Santin Christoph Schuy Lembit Sihver Lembit Sihver Tony C. Slaba Nikolai Sobolevsky Albana Topi Uli Weber Charles M. Werneth Cary Zeitlin |
| author_facet | John W. Norbury Giuseppe Battistoni Judith Besuglow Judith Besuglow Luca Bocchini Daria Boscolo Alexander Botvina Martha Clowdsley Wouter de Wet Marco Durante Marco Durante Martina Giraudo Thomas Haberer Lawrence Heilbronn Felix Horst Michael Krämer Chiara La Tessa Chiara La Tessa Francesca Luoni Francesca Luoni Andrea Mairani Silvia Muraro Ryan B. Norman Vincenzo Patera Giovanni Santin Giovanni Santin Christoph Schuy Lembit Sihver Lembit Sihver Tony C. Slaba Nikolai Sobolevsky Albana Topi Uli Weber Charles M. Werneth Cary Zeitlin |
| author_sort | John W. Norbury |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The helium (4He) component of the primary particles in the galactic cosmic ray spectrum makes significant contributions to the total astronaut radiation exposure. 4He ions are also desirable for direct applications in ion therapy. They contribute smaller projectile fragmentation than carbon (12C) ions and smaller lateral beam spreading than protons. Space radiation protection and ion therapy applications need reliable nuclear reaction models and transport codes for energetic particles in matter. Neutrons and light ions (1H, 2H, 3H, 3He, and 4He) are the most important secondary particles produced in space radiation and ion therapy nuclear reactions; these particles penetrate deeply and make large contributions to dose equivalent. Since neutrons and light ions may scatter at large angles, double differential cross sections are required by transport codes that propagate radiation fields through radiation shielding and human tissue. This work will review the importance of 4He projectiles to space radiation and ion therapy, and outline the present status of neutron and light ion production cross section measurements and modeling, with recommendations for future needs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:13:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7c4e74b627d4ffba470b9b5cd9562a0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-424X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T03:13:13Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7c4e74b627d4ffba470b9b5cd9562a02022-12-21T23:19:12ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physics2296-424X2020-11-01810.3389/fphy.2020.565954565954Are Further Cross Section Measurements Necessary for Space Radiation Protection or Ion Therapy Applications? Helium ProjectilesJohn W. Norbury0Giuseppe Battistoni1Judith Besuglow2Judith Besuglow3Luca Bocchini4Daria Boscolo5Alexander Botvina6Martha Clowdsley7Wouter de Wet8Marco Durante9Marco Durante10Martina Giraudo11Thomas Haberer12Lawrence Heilbronn13Felix Horst14Michael Krämer15Chiara La Tessa16Chiara La Tessa17Francesca Luoni18Francesca Luoni19Andrea Mairani20Silvia Muraro21Ryan B. Norman22Vincenzo Patera23Giovanni Santin24Giovanni Santin25Christoph Schuy26Lembit Sihver27Lembit Sihver28Tony C. Slaba29Nikolai Sobolevsky30Albana Topi31Uli Weber32Charles M. Werneth33Cary Zeitlin34NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United StatesIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Milano, Milan, ItalyGerman Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, GermanyUniversity of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GermanyThales Alenia Space, Torino, ItalyGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, GermanyInstitute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaNASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United StatesUniversity of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, United StatesGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, GermanyTechnische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, GermanyThales Alenia Space, Torino, Italy0Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center, Heidelberg, Germany1University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United StatesGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, GermanyGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany2University of Trento, Trento, Italy3Trento Institute for Fundamental Physics and Applications (INFN‐TIFPA), Trento, ItalyGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, GermanyTechnische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany0Heidelberg Ion Beam Therapy Center, Heidelberg, GermanyIstituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Sezione di Milano, Milan, ItalyNASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States4Universita’ di Roma “Sapienza”, Roma, Italy5European Space Agency, Noordwijk, Netherlands6RHEA System, Noordwijk, NetherlandsGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany7Technische Universität Wien, Atominstitut, Vienna, Austria8Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, SwedenNASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United StatesInstitute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, RussiaGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, GermanyGSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, GermanyNASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, United States9Leidos Innovations Corporation, Houston, TX, United StatesThe helium (4He) component of the primary particles in the galactic cosmic ray spectrum makes significant contributions to the total astronaut radiation exposure. 4He ions are also desirable for direct applications in ion therapy. They contribute smaller projectile fragmentation than carbon (12C) ions and smaller lateral beam spreading than protons. Space radiation protection and ion therapy applications need reliable nuclear reaction models and transport codes for energetic particles in matter. Neutrons and light ions (1H, 2H, 3H, 3He, and 4He) are the most important secondary particles produced in space radiation and ion therapy nuclear reactions; these particles penetrate deeply and make large contributions to dose equivalent. Since neutrons and light ions may scatter at large angles, double differential cross sections are required by transport codes that propagate radiation fields through radiation shielding and human tissue. This work will review the importance of 4He projectiles to space radiation and ion therapy, and outline the present status of neutron and light ion production cross section measurements and modeling, with recommendations for future needs.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2020.565954/fullhelium projectile cross section measurementsspace radiation cross sectionsion therapy cross sectionshelium projectile ion therapyhelium projectile space radiation |
| spellingShingle | John W. Norbury Giuseppe Battistoni Judith Besuglow Judith Besuglow Luca Bocchini Daria Boscolo Alexander Botvina Martha Clowdsley Wouter de Wet Marco Durante Marco Durante Martina Giraudo Thomas Haberer Lawrence Heilbronn Felix Horst Michael Krämer Chiara La Tessa Chiara La Tessa Francesca Luoni Francesca Luoni Andrea Mairani Silvia Muraro Ryan B. Norman Vincenzo Patera Giovanni Santin Giovanni Santin Christoph Schuy Lembit Sihver Lembit Sihver Tony C. Slaba Nikolai Sobolevsky Albana Topi Uli Weber Charles M. Werneth Cary Zeitlin Are Further Cross Section Measurements Necessary for Space Radiation Protection or Ion Therapy Applications? Helium Projectiles Frontiers in Physics helium projectile cross section measurements space radiation cross sections ion therapy cross sections helium projectile ion therapy helium projectile space radiation |
| title | Are Further Cross Section Measurements Necessary for Space Radiation Protection or Ion Therapy Applications? Helium Projectiles |
| title_full | Are Further Cross Section Measurements Necessary for Space Radiation Protection or Ion Therapy Applications? Helium Projectiles |
| title_fullStr | Are Further Cross Section Measurements Necessary for Space Radiation Protection or Ion Therapy Applications? Helium Projectiles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Are Further Cross Section Measurements Necessary for Space Radiation Protection or Ion Therapy Applications? Helium Projectiles |
| title_short | Are Further Cross Section Measurements Necessary for Space Radiation Protection or Ion Therapy Applications? Helium Projectiles |
| title_sort | are further cross section measurements necessary for space radiation protection or ion therapy applications helium projectiles |
| topic | helium projectile cross section measurements space radiation cross sections ion therapy cross sections helium projectile ion therapy helium projectile space radiation |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2020.565954/full |
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