Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice
Purpose Wnt pathway is closely related to neurodevelopmental process associated with cognitive function. After administration of valproic acid to the pregnant mice, the effect of swimming exercise of pregnant mice on the memory, neuronal production, and apoptosis of pups was studied in relation with...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Korean Continence Society
2021-11-01
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| Series: | International Neurourology Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.einj.org/upload/pdf/inj-2142338-169.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818997664908312576 |
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| author | Sang-Seo Park Chang-Ju Kim Seong-Hyun Kim Tae-Woon Kim Sam-Jun Lee |
| author_facet | Sang-Seo Park Chang-Ju Kim Seong-Hyun Kim Tae-Woon Kim Sam-Jun Lee |
| author_sort | Sang-Seo Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Purpose Wnt pathway is closely related to neurodevelopmental process associated with cognitive function. After administration of valproic acid to the pregnant mice, the effect of swimming exercise of pregnant mice on the memory, neuronal production, and apoptosis of pups was studied in relation with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods On day 12 of pregnancy, mice were injected subcutaneously with 400-mg/kg valproic acid. The pregnant mice in the control with swimming exercise group and in the valproic acid injection with swimming exercise group were allowed for swimming for 30 minutes one time per a day, repeated 5 days per a week, during 3 weeks. Step-through avoidance task and Morris water maze task for memory function, immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells and western blot for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Wnt, β-catenin, Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase-3 were carried out. Results Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function, increased BDNF expression, and neuronal proliferation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy suppressed Wnt expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise inhibited Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression in the valproic acid injected pups. Conclusions Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade activation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy may have a protective effect on factors that induce autism in the fetus. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:49:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7cd27c710f44b58a7999cab373aafed |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2093-4777 2093-6931 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T21:49:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Korean Continence Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Neurourology Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7cd27c710f44b58a7999cab373aafed2022-12-21T19:25:36ZengKorean Continence SocietyInternational Neurourology Journal2093-47772093-69312021-11-0125Suppl 2S637110.5213/inj.2142338.169965Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic MiceSang-Seo Park0Chang-Ju Kim1Seong-Hyun Kim2Tae-Woon Kim3Sam-Jun Lee4 Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea College of Culture and Sports, Division of Global Sport Studies, Korea University, Sejong, Korea Department of Human Health Care, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea Department of Sport Rehabilitation, College of Health, Welfare and Education, Tongmyong University, Busan, KoreaPurpose Wnt pathway is closely related to neurodevelopmental process associated with cognitive function. After administration of valproic acid to the pregnant mice, the effect of swimming exercise of pregnant mice on the memory, neuronal production, and apoptosis of pups was studied in relation with Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods On day 12 of pregnancy, mice were injected subcutaneously with 400-mg/kg valproic acid. The pregnant mice in the control with swimming exercise group and in the valproic acid injection with swimming exercise group were allowed for swimming for 30 minutes one time per a day, repeated 5 days per a week, during 3 weeks. Step-through avoidance task and Morris water maze task for memory function, immunohistochemistry for 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine (BrdU)-positive cells and western blot for brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), Wnt, β-catenin, Bcl-2 related X protein (Bax), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), cleaved caspase-3 were carried out. Results Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function, increased BDNF expression, and neuronal proliferation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy suppressed Wnt expression and phosphorylation of β-catenin in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise inhibited Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression and increased Bcl-2 expression in the valproic acid injected pups. Conclusions Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improved memory function by increasing cell proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling cascade activation in the valproic acid injected pups. Maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy may have a protective effect on factors that induce autism in the fetus.http://www.einj.org/upload/pdf/inj-2142338-169.pdfautismswimmingmemorywnt/β-catenin pathwayapoptosis |
| spellingShingle | Sang-Seo Park Chang-Ju Kim Seong-Hyun Kim Tae-Woon Kim Sam-Jun Lee Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice International Neurourology Journal autism swimming memory wnt/β-catenin pathway apoptosis |
| title | Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice |
| title_full | Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice |
| title_fullStr | Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice |
| title_full_unstemmed | Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice |
| title_short | Maternal Swimming Exercise During Pregnancy Improves Memory Through Enhancing Neurogenesis and Suppressing Apoptosis via Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway in Autistic Mice |
| title_sort | maternal swimming exercise during pregnancy improves memory through enhancing neurogenesis and suppressing apoptosis via wnt β catenin pathway in autistic mice |
| topic | autism swimming memory wnt/β-catenin pathway apoptosis |
| url | http://www.einj.org/upload/pdf/inj-2142338-169.pdf |
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