The Impact of Different Crop Rotations by Weed Management Strategies’ Interactions on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)
Weed infestations significantly reduce the growth and yield of field crops. Herbicides are mostly used for weed management due to their quick results. However, resistant biotypes to available herbicides are rapidly increasing around the word. This situation calls for the development of alternative w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/10/2088 |
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| author | Muhammad Shahzad Mubshar Hussain Khawar Jabran Muhammad Farooq Shahid Farooq Kristína Gašparovič Maria Barboricova Bandar S. Aljuaid Ahmed M. El-Shehawi Ali Tan Kee Zuan |
| author_facet | Muhammad Shahzad Mubshar Hussain Khawar Jabran Muhammad Farooq Shahid Farooq Kristína Gašparovič Maria Barboricova Bandar S. Aljuaid Ahmed M. El-Shehawi Ali Tan Kee Zuan |
| author_sort | Muhammad Shahzad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Weed infestations significantly reduce the growth and yield of field crops. Herbicides are mostly used for weed management due to their quick results. However, resistant biotypes to available herbicides are rapidly increasing around the word. This situation calls for the development of alternative weed management strategies. Crop rotation and allelopathic water extracts are regarded as the most important alternative weed management strategies. Therefore, this two-year study assessed the impact of different annual crop rotations by weed management strategies’ interactions on weed infestation and productivity of wheat crop. Wheat was planted in five rotations, i.e., (i) fallow-wheat, (ii) rice-wheat, (iii) cotton-wheat, (iv) mungbean-wheat and (v) sorghum-wheat. The weed management strategies included in the study were; (i) false seedbed, (ii) application of 12 L ha<sup>−1</sup> allelopathic plant water extracts (1:1:1:1 ratio of sorghum, sunflower, mulberry and eucalyptus), (iii) herbicide application, (iv) weed-free (weed control) and (v) weedy-check (no weed control). Herbicide application was the most effective treatment in lowering weed densities and biomass during both years followed by false seedbed, while allelopathic crop water extracts were least effective. The lowest weed infestation was noted in sorghum-wheat rotation followed by cotton-wheat and mungbean-wheat, while fallow-wheat had the highest weed infestation. Weedy-check treatment caused significant reduction in wheat growth and yield, whereas the highest grain yield was recorded from weed-free and herbicide application treatments. Grain yield of wheat planted after sorghum was suppressed; however, yield improved when wheat was planted after mungbean. Planting wheat after mungbean in a weed-free environment, achieved through chemical and/or mechanical means, is the best strategy to obtain higher wheat yields. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:47:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7ceb5c258fa4509b652b2ee4d7ce1b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T06:47:36Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7ceb5c258fa4509b652b2ee4d7ce1b82023-11-22T17:08:06ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952021-10-011110208810.3390/agronomy11102088The Impact of Different Crop Rotations by Weed Management Strategies’ Interactions on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.)Muhammad Shahzad0Mubshar Hussain1Khawar Jabran2Muhammad Farooq3Shahid Farooq4Kristína Gašparovič5Maria Barboricova6Bandar S. Aljuaid7Ahmed M. El-Shehawi8Ali Tan Kee Zuan9Department of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Agronomy, University College of Agriculture & Environmental Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, PakistanDepartment of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde 51240, TurkeyDepartment of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, OmanDepartment of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Harran University, Şanlıurfa 63050, TurkeyDepartment of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Plant Physiology, Slovak University of Agriculture, A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, SlovakiaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, MalaysiaWeed infestations significantly reduce the growth and yield of field crops. Herbicides are mostly used for weed management due to their quick results. However, resistant biotypes to available herbicides are rapidly increasing around the word. This situation calls for the development of alternative weed management strategies. Crop rotation and allelopathic water extracts are regarded as the most important alternative weed management strategies. Therefore, this two-year study assessed the impact of different annual crop rotations by weed management strategies’ interactions on weed infestation and productivity of wheat crop. Wheat was planted in five rotations, i.e., (i) fallow-wheat, (ii) rice-wheat, (iii) cotton-wheat, (iv) mungbean-wheat and (v) sorghum-wheat. The weed management strategies included in the study were; (i) false seedbed, (ii) application of 12 L ha<sup>−1</sup> allelopathic plant water extracts (1:1:1:1 ratio of sorghum, sunflower, mulberry and eucalyptus), (iii) herbicide application, (iv) weed-free (weed control) and (v) weedy-check (no weed control). Herbicide application was the most effective treatment in lowering weed densities and biomass during both years followed by false seedbed, while allelopathic crop water extracts were least effective. The lowest weed infestation was noted in sorghum-wheat rotation followed by cotton-wheat and mungbean-wheat, while fallow-wheat had the highest weed infestation. Weedy-check treatment caused significant reduction in wheat growth and yield, whereas the highest grain yield was recorded from weed-free and herbicide application treatments. Grain yield of wheat planted after sorghum was suppressed; however, yield improved when wheat was planted after mungbean. Planting wheat after mungbean in a weed-free environment, achieved through chemical and/or mechanical means, is the best strategy to obtain higher wheat yields.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/10/2088allelopathycrop rotationweedsweed managementwheat |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Shahzad Mubshar Hussain Khawar Jabran Muhammad Farooq Shahid Farooq Kristína Gašparovič Maria Barboricova Bandar S. Aljuaid Ahmed M. El-Shehawi Ali Tan Kee Zuan The Impact of Different Crop Rotations by Weed Management Strategies’ Interactions on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) Agronomy allelopathy crop rotation weeds weed management wheat |
| title | The Impact of Different Crop Rotations by Weed Management Strategies’ Interactions on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) |
| title_full | The Impact of Different Crop Rotations by Weed Management Strategies’ Interactions on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Different Crop Rotations by Weed Management Strategies’ Interactions on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Different Crop Rotations by Weed Management Strategies’ Interactions on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) |
| title_short | The Impact of Different Crop Rotations by Weed Management Strategies’ Interactions on Weed Infestation and Productivity of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) |
| title_sort | impact of different crop rotations by weed management strategies interactions on weed infestation and productivity of wheat i triticum aestivum i l |
| topic | allelopathy crop rotation weeds weed management wheat |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/11/10/2088 |
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