Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis
Abstract Introduction Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one of the purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how de...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-022-00244-w |
| _version_ | 1797952369357488128 |
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| author | Sabrina Braga dos Santos Wagner de Lara Machado Liana Lisboa Fernandez Analuiza Camozatto de Pádua Sofia Hoffmann Prisla Ücker Calvetti Bruno Luis Schaab Caroline Tozzi Reppold |
| author_facet | Sabrina Braga dos Santos Wagner de Lara Machado Liana Lisboa Fernandez Analuiza Camozatto de Pádua Sofia Hoffmann Prisla Ücker Calvetti Bruno Luis Schaab Caroline Tozzi Reppold |
| author_sort | Sabrina Braga dos Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Introduction Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one of the purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive. Objective The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory — BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs. Results Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression. Conclusion Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:46:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7d00adac7694e21a8e82ffe99017a82 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1678-7153 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T22:46:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7d00adac7694e21a8e82ffe99017a822023-01-15T12:19:37ZengSpringerOpenPsicologia: Reflexão e Crítica1678-71532023-01-0136111210.1186/s41155-022-00244-wPositive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysisSabrina Braga dos Santos0Wagner de Lara Machado1Liana Lisboa Fernandez2Analuiza Camozatto de Pádua3Sofia Hoffmann4Prisla Ücker Calvetti5Bruno Luis Schaab6Caroline Tozzi Reppold7Department of Speech Therapy at Centro Universitário Metodista — IPAGraduate Program in Psychology at Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul — PUCRS, Health Sciences SchoolDepartment of Basic Health Sciences at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto alegre — UFCSPADepartment of Medical Clinical at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre — UFCSPAPsychology at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre — UFCSPAPsychological Assessment Laboratory at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre — UFCSPAPsychological Assessment Laboratory at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre — UFCSPAPsychological Assessment Laboratory in Department of Psychology at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre — UFCSPAAbstract Introduction Depression in aging may lead to loss of autonomy and worsening of comorbidities. Understanding how positive attributes contribute to healthier and happier aging has been one of the purposes of Positive Psychology. However, the literature still lacks studies that evaluate how depression in the elderly is related to constructs considered positive. Objective The present study aimed comparing scores of constructs of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, affection, optimism, and hope in the elderly with minimal, mild, moderate, and severe depression and healthy controls in order to investigate possible indirect and mediated relationships between positive constructs and depression. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with elderly, 62 of whom were diagnosed with different severity of Major Depression (DSM-V) (minimum, mild, moderate, and severe according to the Beck Depression Inventory — BDI) and 66 healthy controls matched by age, sex and schooling. The instruments used were adapted and validated versions of the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, the Medical Outcomes Social Scale of Support, the Life Satisfaction Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, the Revised Life Orientation Test, and the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale. After comparing the means of scores between groups, an analysis of normalized partial association networks was performed to investigate the direct and mediated relationships between depression and other evaluated constructs. Results Scores of spiritual well-being, social support, self-esteem, life satisfaction, positive affect, optimism, negative affects, and hope differed significantly between the control group and the degrees of depression (p < 0.001). The analysis of normalized partial association networks has shown that the relations of depression with the constructs of life satisfaction, self-esteem, and social support are mediated, while the constructs of dispositional hope, positive affect, spiritual well-being, and optimism are indirectly related to depression. The social class was also positively related to depression. Conclusion Depression in different degrees is associated with a reduction in the scores of instruments that evaluate positive attributes. The constructs directly associated with depression are spiritual well-being, optimism, positive affect, and dispositional hope. The others had mediated relationship. These results may contribute to the planning of future interventions for the prevention of depression among the elderly.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-022-00244-wAgingDepressionWell-beingPositive PsychologyNetwork analysis |
| spellingShingle | Sabrina Braga dos Santos Wagner de Lara Machado Liana Lisboa Fernandez Analuiza Camozatto de Pádua Sofia Hoffmann Prisla Ücker Calvetti Bruno Luis Schaab Caroline Tozzi Reppold Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis Psicologia: Reflexão e Crítica Aging Depression Well-being Positive Psychology Network analysis |
| title | Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis |
| title_full | Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis |
| title_fullStr | Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis |
| title_short | Positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression: a study based on network analysis |
| title_sort | positive attributes in elderly people with different degrees of depression a study based on network analysis |
| topic | Aging Depression Well-being Positive Psychology Network analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s41155-022-00244-w |
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