Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological Response
In recent decades, upconversion nanomaterials (UCNMs) have attracted considerable research interest because of their unique optical properties, such as large anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emissions, non-photobleaching, and long lifetime. These unique properties make them ideal candidates for unified app...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3470 |
| _version_ | 1797477678106804224 |
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| author | Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu Yong-Ill Lee Tae Hyun Yoon |
| author_facet | Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu Yong-Ill Lee Tae Hyun Yoon |
| author_sort | Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent decades, upconversion nanomaterials (UCNMs) have attracted considerable research interest because of their unique optical properties, such as large anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emissions, non-photobleaching, and long lifetime. These unique properties make them ideal candidates for unified applications in biomedical fields, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, and photodynamic therapy for specific cancers. This review describes the general mechanisms of upconversion, synthesis methods, and potential applications in biology and their biological responses. Additionally, the biological toxicity of UCNMs is explained and summarized with the associated intracellular association mechanisms. Finally, the prospects and future challenges of UCNMs at the clinical level in biological applications are described, along with a summary of opportunity for biological as well as clinical applications of UCNMs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:21:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7d16b6de89e498db02f1d47c61a192e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:21:07Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7d16b6de89e498db02f1d47c61a192e2023-11-23T21:20:36ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-10-011219347010.3390/nano12193470Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological ResponseZayakhuu Gerelkhuu0Yong-Ill Lee1Tae Hyun Yoon2Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, KoreaDepartment of Materials Convergence and System Engineering, Changwon National University, Changwon 51140, KoreaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, KoreaIn recent decades, upconversion nanomaterials (UCNMs) have attracted considerable research interest because of their unique optical properties, such as large anti-Stokes shifts, sharp emissions, non-photobleaching, and long lifetime. These unique properties make them ideal candidates for unified applications in biomedical fields, including drug delivery, bioimaging, biosensing, and photodynamic therapy for specific cancers. This review describes the general mechanisms of upconversion, synthesis methods, and potential applications in biology and their biological responses. Additionally, the biological toxicity of UCNMs is explained and summarized with the associated intracellular association mechanisms. Finally, the prospects and future challenges of UCNMs at the clinical level in biological applications are described, along with a summary of opportunity for biological as well as clinical applications of UCNMs.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3470lanthanide-based nanomaterialsupconversion nanomaterialsbioimagingbiosensorbiological response |
| spellingShingle | Zayakhuu Gerelkhuu Yong-Ill Lee Tae Hyun Yoon Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological Response Nanomaterials lanthanide-based nanomaterials upconversion nanomaterials bioimaging biosensor biological response |
| title | Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological Response |
| title_full | Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological Response |
| title_fullStr | Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological Response |
| title_short | Upconversion Nanomaterials in Bioimaging and Biosensor Applications and Their Biological Response |
| title_sort | upconversion nanomaterials in bioimaging and biosensor applications and their biological response |
| topic | lanthanide-based nanomaterials upconversion nanomaterials bioimaging biosensor biological response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/19/3470 |
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