Innate and Adaptive Immunity Synergize to Trigger Inflammation in the Mammary Gland.

The mammary gland is able to detect and react to bacterial intrusion through innate immunity mechanisms, but mammary inflammation can also result from antigen-specific adaptive immunity. We postulated that innate and adaptive immune responses could synergize to trigger inflammation in the mammary gl...

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Main Authors: Pascal Rainard, Patricia Cunha, Florence B Gilbert
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2016-01-01
Series:PLoS ONE
Online Access:http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4839698?pdf=render
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author Pascal Rainard
Patricia Cunha
Florence B Gilbert
author_facet Pascal Rainard
Patricia Cunha
Florence B Gilbert
author_sort Pascal Rainard
collection DOAJ
description The mammary gland is able to detect and react to bacterial intrusion through innate immunity mechanisms, but mammary inflammation can also result from antigen-specific adaptive immunity. We postulated that innate and adaptive immune responses could synergize to trigger inflammation in the mammary gland. To test this hypothesis, we immunized cows with the model antigen ovalbumin and challenged the sensitized animals with either Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as innate immunity agonist, ovalbumin as adaptive immunity agonist, or both agonists in three different udder quarters of lactating cows. There was a significant amplification of the initial milk leukocytosis in the quarters challenged with the two agonists compared to leukocytosis in quarters challenged with LPS or ovalbumin alone. This synergistic response occurred only with the cows that developed the ovalbumin-specific inflammatory response, and there were significant correlations between milk leukocytosis and production of IL-17A and IFN-γ in a whole-blood ovalbumin stimulation assay. The antigen-specific response induced substantial concentrations of IL-17A and IFN-γ in milk contrary to the response to LPS. Such a synergy at the onset of the reaction of the mammary gland suggests that induction of antigen-specific immune response with bacterial antigens could improve the initial immune response to infection, hence reducing the bacterial load and contributing to protection.
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spelling doaj.art-b7d3fee3dc2e401face3be0ba32d2f6f2022-12-21T19:20:12ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032016-01-01114e015417210.1371/journal.pone.0154172Innate and Adaptive Immunity Synergize to Trigger Inflammation in the Mammary Gland.Pascal RainardPatricia CunhaFlorence B GilbertThe mammary gland is able to detect and react to bacterial intrusion through innate immunity mechanisms, but mammary inflammation can also result from antigen-specific adaptive immunity. We postulated that innate and adaptive immune responses could synergize to trigger inflammation in the mammary gland. To test this hypothesis, we immunized cows with the model antigen ovalbumin and challenged the sensitized animals with either Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as innate immunity agonist, ovalbumin as adaptive immunity agonist, or both agonists in three different udder quarters of lactating cows. There was a significant amplification of the initial milk leukocytosis in the quarters challenged with the two agonists compared to leukocytosis in quarters challenged with LPS or ovalbumin alone. This synergistic response occurred only with the cows that developed the ovalbumin-specific inflammatory response, and there were significant correlations between milk leukocytosis and production of IL-17A and IFN-γ in a whole-blood ovalbumin stimulation assay. The antigen-specific response induced substantial concentrations of IL-17A and IFN-γ in milk contrary to the response to LPS. Such a synergy at the onset of the reaction of the mammary gland suggests that induction of antigen-specific immune response with bacterial antigens could improve the initial immune response to infection, hence reducing the bacterial load and contributing to protection.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4839698?pdf=render
spellingShingle Pascal Rainard
Patricia Cunha
Florence B Gilbert
Innate and Adaptive Immunity Synergize to Trigger Inflammation in the Mammary Gland.
PLoS ONE
title Innate and Adaptive Immunity Synergize to Trigger Inflammation in the Mammary Gland.
title_full Innate and Adaptive Immunity Synergize to Trigger Inflammation in the Mammary Gland.
title_fullStr Innate and Adaptive Immunity Synergize to Trigger Inflammation in the Mammary Gland.
title_full_unstemmed Innate and Adaptive Immunity Synergize to Trigger Inflammation in the Mammary Gland.
title_short Innate and Adaptive Immunity Synergize to Trigger Inflammation in the Mammary Gland.
title_sort innate and adaptive immunity synergize to trigger inflammation in the mammary gland
url http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4839698?pdf=render
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