Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023?
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with the pathological accumulation of lipids inside hepatocytes. Untreated NAFL can progress to non-alcoholic hepatitis (NASH), followed by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The common denominator...
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/6/1323 |
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| author | Anna Gudan Katarzyna Kozłowska-Petriczko Ewa Wunsch Tomasz Bodnarczuk Ewa Stachowska |
| author_facet | Anna Gudan Katarzyna Kozłowska-Petriczko Ewa Wunsch Tomasz Bodnarczuk Ewa Stachowska |
| author_sort | Anna Gudan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with the pathological accumulation of lipids inside hepatocytes. Untreated NAFL can progress to non-alcoholic hepatitis (NASH), followed by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The common denominator of the above-mentioned metabolic disorders seems to be insulin resistance, which occurs in NAFLD patients. Obesity is the greatest risk factor for lipid accumulation inside hepatocytes, but a part of the NAFLD patient population has a normal body weight according to the BMI index. Obese people with or without NAFLD have a higher incidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and those suffering from NAFLD show increased intestinal permeability, including a more frequent presence of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO). The health consequences of SIBO are primarily malabsorption disorders (vitamin B12, iron, choline, fats, carbohydrates and proteins) and bile salt deconjugation. Undetected and untreated SIBO may lead to nutrient and/or energy malnutrition, thus directly impairing liver function (e.g., folic acid and choline deficiency). However, whether SIBO contributes to liver dysfunction, decreased intestinal barrier integrity, increased inflammation, endotoxemia and bacterial translocation is not yet clear. In this review, we focus on gut–liver axis and discuss critical points, novel insights and the role of nutrition, lifestyle, pre- and probiotics, medication and supplements in the therapy and prevention of both SIBO and NAFLD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:05:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7d7ddec40774c778f3f010902dc6534 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:05:26Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7d7ddec40774c778f3f010902dc65342023-11-17T13:04:10ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-03-01156132310.3390/nu15061323Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023?Anna Gudan0Katarzyna Kozłowska-Petriczko1Ewa Wunsch2Tomasz Bodnarczuk3Ewa Stachowska4Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Translational Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-211 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Translational Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-211 Szczecin, PolandArtimed, Ks. Piotra Ściegiennego 27, 70-354 Szczecin, PolandDepartment of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, PolandNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with the pathological accumulation of lipids inside hepatocytes. Untreated NAFL can progress to non-alcoholic hepatitis (NASH), followed by fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The common denominator of the above-mentioned metabolic disorders seems to be insulin resistance, which occurs in NAFLD patients. Obesity is the greatest risk factor for lipid accumulation inside hepatocytes, but a part of the NAFLD patient population has a normal body weight according to the BMI index. Obese people with or without NAFLD have a higher incidence of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), and those suffering from NAFLD show increased intestinal permeability, including a more frequent presence of bacterial overgrowth in the small intestine (SIBO). The health consequences of SIBO are primarily malabsorption disorders (vitamin B12, iron, choline, fats, carbohydrates and proteins) and bile salt deconjugation. Undetected and untreated SIBO may lead to nutrient and/or energy malnutrition, thus directly impairing liver function (e.g., folic acid and choline deficiency). However, whether SIBO contributes to liver dysfunction, decreased intestinal barrier integrity, increased inflammation, endotoxemia and bacterial translocation is not yet clear. In this review, we focus on gut–liver axis and discuss critical points, novel insights and the role of nutrition, lifestyle, pre- and probiotics, medication and supplements in the therapy and prevention of both SIBO and NAFLD.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/6/1323NAFLDgut–liver axisSIBOgut dysbiosisprobioticsnutrition |
| spellingShingle | Anna Gudan Katarzyna Kozłowska-Petriczko Ewa Wunsch Tomasz Bodnarczuk Ewa Stachowska Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023? Nutrients NAFLD gut–liver axis SIBO gut dysbiosis probiotics nutrition |
| title | Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023? |
| title_full | Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023? |
| title_fullStr | Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023? |
| title_short | Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: What Do We Know in 2023? |
| title_sort | small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and non alcoholic fatty liver disease what do we know in 2023 |
| topic | NAFLD gut–liver axis SIBO gut dysbiosis probiotics nutrition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/6/1323 |
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