Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity
O<sub>3</sub> dissolved in water (or ozonized water) has been considered a potent antimicrobial agent, and this study aimed to test this through microbiological and in vitro assays. The stability of O<sub>3</sub> was accessed following modifications of the physicochemical par...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/6/525 |
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| author | Laerte Marlon Conceição dos Santos Eduardo Santos da Silva Fabricia Oliveira Oliveira Leticia de Alencar Pereira Rodrigues Paulo Roberto Freitas Neves Cássio Santana Meira Greta Almeida Fernandes Moreira Gabriela Monteiro Lobato Carlos Nascimento Marcelo Gerhardt Arlene Souza Lessa Luis Alberto Breda Mascarenhas Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado |
| author_facet | Laerte Marlon Conceição dos Santos Eduardo Santos da Silva Fabricia Oliveira Oliveira Leticia de Alencar Pereira Rodrigues Paulo Roberto Freitas Neves Cássio Santana Meira Greta Almeida Fernandes Moreira Gabriela Monteiro Lobato Carlos Nascimento Marcelo Gerhardt Arlene Souza Lessa Luis Alberto Breda Mascarenhas Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado |
| author_sort | Laerte Marlon Conceição dos Santos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | O<sub>3</sub> dissolved in water (or ozonized water) has been considered a potent antimicrobial agent, and this study aimed to test this through microbiological and in vitro assays. The stability of O<sub>3</sub> was accessed following modifications of the physicochemical parameters of water, such as the temperature and pH, with or without buffering. Three concentrations of O<sub>3</sub> (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 ppm) dissolved in water were tested against different microorganisms, and an analysis of the cytotoxic effects was also conducted using the human ear fibroblast cell line (Hfib). Under the physicochemical conditions of 4 °C and pH 5, O<sub>3</sub> remained the most stable and concentrated compared to pH 7 and water at 25 °C. Exposure to ozonized water resulted in high mortality rates for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Scanning electron micrograph images indicate that the effects on osmotic stability due to cell wall lysis might be one of the killing mechanisms of ozonized water. The biocidal agent was biocompatible and presented no cytotoxic effect against Hfib cells. Therefore, due to its cytocompatibility and biocidal action, ozonized water can be considered a viable alternative for microbial control, being possible, for example, its use in disinfection processes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:27:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7e2733dc2a94ffc84bc6dd4ae1d8d3c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:27:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7e2733dc2a94ffc84bc6dd4ae1d8d3c2023-11-21T23:54:02ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372021-06-0110652510.3390/biology10060525Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and CytotoxicityLaerte Marlon Conceição dos Santos0Eduardo Santos da Silva1Fabricia Oliveira Oliveira2Leticia de Alencar Pereira Rodrigues3Paulo Roberto Freitas Neves4Cássio Santana Meira5Greta Almeida Fernandes Moreira6Gabriela Monteiro Lobato7Carlos Nascimento8Marcelo Gerhardt9Arlene Souza Lessa10Luis Alberto Breda Mascarenhas11Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado12University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, BrazilUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, BrazilUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, BrazilUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, BrazilUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Computational Modeling and Industrial Technology, Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, BrazilUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, BrazilUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, BrazilChina Three Gorges Corporation—CTG Brazil, Rio Paraná Energia S.A. Rodovia MS-444 s/nº km 58, Ilha Solteira 79590-000, Selviria, BrazilChina Three Gorges Corporation—CTG Brazil, Rio Paraná Energia S.A. Rodovia MS-444 s/nº km 58, Ilha Solteira 79590-000, Selviria, BrazilChina Three Gorges Corporation—CTG Brazil, Rio Paraná Energia S.A. Rodovia MS-444 s/nº km 58, Ilha Solteira 79590-000, Selviria, BrazilGonçalo Moniz Institute, FIOCRUZ Microscopy Service, Technological Platforms Network, Salvador 40296-710, Bahia, BrazilUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, BrazilUniversity Center SENAI/CIMATEC, SENAI Institute of Innovation in Health Advanced Systems (ISI SAS), Salvador 41650-010, Bahia, BrazilO<sub>3</sub> dissolved in water (or ozonized water) has been considered a potent antimicrobial agent, and this study aimed to test this through microbiological and in vitro assays. The stability of O<sub>3</sub> was accessed following modifications of the physicochemical parameters of water, such as the temperature and pH, with or without buffering. Three concentrations of O<sub>3</sub> (0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 ppm) dissolved in water were tested against different microorganisms, and an analysis of the cytotoxic effects was also conducted using the human ear fibroblast cell line (Hfib). Under the physicochemical conditions of 4 °C and pH 5, O<sub>3</sub> remained the most stable and concentrated compared to pH 7 and water at 25 °C. Exposure to ozonized water resulted in high mortality rates for <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Scanning electron micrograph images indicate that the effects on osmotic stability due to cell wall lysis might be one of the killing mechanisms of ozonized water. The biocidal agent was biocompatible and presented no cytotoxic effect against Hfib cells. Therefore, due to its cytocompatibility and biocidal action, ozonized water can be considered a viable alternative for microbial control, being possible, for example, its use in disinfection processes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/6/525aqueous ozoneantimicrobialantimicrobial resistancesanitizercytotoxicity |
| spellingShingle | Laerte Marlon Conceição dos Santos Eduardo Santos da Silva Fabricia Oliveira Oliveira Leticia de Alencar Pereira Rodrigues Paulo Roberto Freitas Neves Cássio Santana Meira Greta Almeida Fernandes Moreira Gabriela Monteiro Lobato Carlos Nascimento Marcelo Gerhardt Arlene Souza Lessa Luis Alberto Breda Mascarenhas Bruna Aparecida Souza Machado Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity Biology aqueous ozone antimicrobial antimicrobial resistance sanitizer cytotoxicity |
| title | Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity |
| title_full | Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity |
| title_fullStr | Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity |
| title_short | Ozonized Water in Microbial Control: Analysis of the Stability, In Vitro Biocidal Potential, and Cytotoxicity |
| title_sort | ozonized water in microbial control analysis of the stability in vitro biocidal potential and cytotoxicity |
| topic | aqueous ozone antimicrobial antimicrobial resistance sanitizer cytotoxicity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/10/6/525 |
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