Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Current Literature
Background. Loss of olfaction is a well-established early feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although olfactory dysfunction has been widely described as a prodromal feature of PD in the literature, whether it can be considered a biomarker of PD progression is still a matter of debate. Objective. T...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-04-01
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| Series: | Brain Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/5/513 |
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| author | Tommaso Ercoli Carla Masala Gianluca Cadeddu Marcello Mario Mascia Gianni Orofino Angelo Fabio Gigante Paolo Solla Giovanni Defazio Lorenzo Rocchi |
| author_facet | Tommaso Ercoli Carla Masala Gianluca Cadeddu Marcello Mario Mascia Gianni Orofino Angelo Fabio Gigante Paolo Solla Giovanni Defazio Lorenzo Rocchi |
| author_sort | Tommaso Ercoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background. Loss of olfaction is a well-established early feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although olfactory dysfunction has been widely described as a prodromal feature of PD in the literature, whether it can be considered a biomarker of PD progression is still a matter of debate. Objective. The aim of this work is to define the possible relationship between the progression of olfactory dysfunction and other putative clinical hallmarks of PD over time, through a systematic review of the current literature. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on PubMed from inception to March 2022. We included only longitudinal studies conducted on patients with diagnosis of idiopathic PD who underwent olfactory function testing at baseline and repeated it at least once during follow-up. Results. Among 5740 records identified through database searching, nine longitudinal studies met full criteria and underwent data extraction. Conclusions. Olfaction seemed to decrease over time, albeit with a degree of fluctuation. Moreover, smell detection ability seems to deteriorate more rapidly in the early phase of disease, indicating a possible association with disease progression. More studies are needed to better understand the role of olfaction as a biomarker of PD progression over time. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:14:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b7f6e0d15f94481680247d509be5acff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:14:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b7f6e0d15f94481680247d509be5acff2023-11-23T10:16:25ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252022-04-0112551310.3390/brainsci12050513Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Current LiteratureTommaso Ercoli0Carla Masala1Gianluca Cadeddu2Marcello Mario Mascia3Gianni Orofino4Angelo Fabio Gigante5Paolo Solla6Giovanni Defazio7Lorenzo Rocchi8Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4.500, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, SP 8 Cittadella Universitaria, 09042 Monserrato, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4.500, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyInstitute of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, SS 554 km 4.500, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyInstitute of Neurology, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Cagliari, SS 554 km 4.500, 09042 Cagliari, ItalySan Paolo Hospital, Via Capo Scardicchio, 70123 Bari, ItalyUnit of Neurology, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4.500, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyDepartment of Medical Sciences and Public Health, Institute of Neurology, University of Cagliari, SS 554 km 4.500, 09042 Cagliari, ItalyBackground. Loss of olfaction is a well-established early feature of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Although olfactory dysfunction has been widely described as a prodromal feature of PD in the literature, whether it can be considered a biomarker of PD progression is still a matter of debate. Objective. The aim of this work is to define the possible relationship between the progression of olfactory dysfunction and other putative clinical hallmarks of PD over time, through a systematic review of the current literature. Methods. We conducted a systematic review of the literature on PubMed from inception to March 2022. We included only longitudinal studies conducted on patients with diagnosis of idiopathic PD who underwent olfactory function testing at baseline and repeated it at least once during follow-up. Results. Among 5740 records identified through database searching, nine longitudinal studies met full criteria and underwent data extraction. Conclusions. Olfaction seemed to decrease over time, albeit with a degree of fluctuation. Moreover, smell detection ability seems to deteriorate more rapidly in the early phase of disease, indicating a possible association with disease progression. More studies are needed to better understand the role of olfaction as a biomarker of PD progression over time.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/5/513Parkinson’s diseaseolfactory dysfunctiondisease progressionsmellolfaction |
| spellingShingle | Tommaso Ercoli Carla Masala Gianluca Cadeddu Marcello Mario Mascia Gianni Orofino Angelo Fabio Gigante Paolo Solla Giovanni Defazio Lorenzo Rocchi Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Current Literature Brain Sciences Parkinson’s disease olfactory dysfunction disease progression smell olfaction |
| title | Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Current Literature |
| title_full | Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Current Literature |
| title_fullStr | Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Current Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Current Literature |
| title_short | Does Olfactory Dysfunction Correlate with Disease Progression in Parkinson’s Disease? A Systematic Review of the Current Literature |
| title_sort | does olfactory dysfunction correlate with disease progression in parkinson s disease a systematic review of the current literature |
| topic | Parkinson’s disease olfactory dysfunction disease progression smell olfaction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/5/513 |
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