<i>Malva parviflora</i> Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas Chromatography
<i>Malva parviflora</i> L., Little mallow, has been traditionally used as an alternative food source. It acts as a medicinal herb containing a potential source of mucilage thus herein; we aimed to assess the toxicity, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and gastro-protective actions of <i&...
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/4/427 |
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| author | Ahmed E. Altyar Ans Munir Saiqa Ishtiaq Muhammad Rizwan Khizar Abbas Osama Kensara Sameh S. Elhady Waleed Y. Rizg Fadia S. Youssef Mohamed L. Ashour |
| author_facet | Ahmed E. Altyar Ans Munir Saiqa Ishtiaq Muhammad Rizwan Khizar Abbas Osama Kensara Sameh S. Elhady Waleed Y. Rizg Fadia S. Youssef Mohamed L. Ashour |
| author_sort | Ahmed E. Altyar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Malva parviflora</i> L., Little mallow, has been traditionally used as an alternative food source. It acts as a medicinal herb containing a potential source of mucilage thus herein; we aimed to assess the toxicity, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and gastro-protective actions of <i>M. parviflora</i> mucilage extracted from its leaves (MLM) and fruit (MFM). Toxicity studies were investigated by in vitro hemolytic assay whereas acute anti-inflammatory and antitussive activities were assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema and sulphur dioxide induced cough model in rats, respectively. Gastro-protective effects were studied using ethanol induced acute and chronic gastric ulcer rat models. Their metabolic profiles were determined using gas chromatography. The results revealed that MLM and MFM were non-toxic towards human erythrocytes and their lethal doses were found to be greater than 5 g/kg. Pretreatment with MLM (500 mg/kg) and MFM (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the carrageenan-induced paw thickness (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Maximum edema inhibition (%) was observed at 4 h in diclofenac sodium (39.31%) followed by MLM (27.35%) and MFM (15.68%). Animals pretreated with MLM (500 mg/kg) significantly lower the cough frequency in SO<sub>2</sub> gas induced cough models in contrast to control. Moreover, MLM at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg reduced the ethanol induced gastric mucosal injuries in acute gastric ulcer models presenting ulcer inhibition of 23.04 and 38.74%, respectively. The chronic gastric ulcer model MFM (500 mg/kg) demonstrated a remarkable gastro-protective effect showing 63.52% ulcer inhibition and results were closely related to standard drug sucralfate. In both models, MLM and MFM decreased gastric juice volume and total acidity in addition to an increased gastric juice pH and gastric mucous content justifying an anti-secretary role of this mucilage that was further confirmed by histopathological examination. Meanwhile, GC analyses of the mucilage revealed their richness with natural as well as acidic monosaccharides. It is concluded that MLM and MFM can be used therapeutically for the management of inflammation, cough and gastric ulcer. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:31:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b803ab1ace5840ee84972aececf0751a |
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| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:31:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-b803ab1ace5840ee84972aececf0751a2023-12-01T21:18:04ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472022-03-0115442710.3390/ph15040427<i>Malva parviflora</i> Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas ChromatographyAhmed E. Altyar0Ans Munir1Saiqa Ishtiaq2Muhammad Rizwan3Khizar Abbas4Osama Kensara5Sameh S. Elhady6Waleed Y. Rizg7Fadia S. Youssef8Mohamed L. Ashour9Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54000, PakistanDepartment of Pathology, Lahore Medical and Dental College, University of Health Sciences, Lahore 54600, PakistanDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 7067, Makkah 21955, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Natural Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80260, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, EgyptDepartment of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Abbasia, Cairo 11566, Egypt<i>Malva parviflora</i> L., Little mallow, has been traditionally used as an alternative food source. It acts as a medicinal herb containing a potential source of mucilage thus herein; we aimed to assess the toxicity, anti-inflammatory, antitussive and gastro-protective actions of <i>M. parviflora</i> mucilage extracted from its leaves (MLM) and fruit (MFM). Toxicity studies were investigated by in vitro hemolytic assay whereas acute anti-inflammatory and antitussive activities were assessed by carrageenan-induced paw edema and sulphur dioxide induced cough model in rats, respectively. Gastro-protective effects were studied using ethanol induced acute and chronic gastric ulcer rat models. Their metabolic profiles were determined using gas chromatography. The results revealed that MLM and MFM were non-toxic towards human erythrocytes and their lethal doses were found to be greater than 5 g/kg. Pretreatment with MLM (500 mg/kg) and MFM (500 mg/kg) significantly reduced the carrageenan-induced paw thickness (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Maximum edema inhibition (%) was observed at 4 h in diclofenac sodium (39.31%) followed by MLM (27.35%) and MFM (15.68%). Animals pretreated with MLM (500 mg/kg) significantly lower the cough frequency in SO<sub>2</sub> gas induced cough models in contrast to control. Moreover, MLM at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg reduced the ethanol induced gastric mucosal injuries in acute gastric ulcer models presenting ulcer inhibition of 23.04 and 38.74%, respectively. The chronic gastric ulcer model MFM (500 mg/kg) demonstrated a remarkable gastro-protective effect showing 63.52% ulcer inhibition and results were closely related to standard drug sucralfate. In both models, MLM and MFM decreased gastric juice volume and total acidity in addition to an increased gastric juice pH and gastric mucous content justifying an anti-secretary role of this mucilage that was further confirmed by histopathological examination. Meanwhile, GC analyses of the mucilage revealed their richness with natural as well as acidic monosaccharides. It is concluded that MLM and MFM can be used therapeutically for the management of inflammation, cough and gastric ulcer.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/4/427anti-inflammatoryantitussivecytoprotectiongastric ulcer<i>M. parviflora</i>mucilage |
| spellingShingle | Ahmed E. Altyar Ans Munir Saiqa Ishtiaq Muhammad Rizwan Khizar Abbas Osama Kensara Sameh S. Elhady Waleed Y. Rizg Fadia S. Youssef Mohamed L. Ashour <i>Malva parviflora</i> Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas Chromatography Pharmaceuticals anti-inflammatory antitussive cytoprotection gastric ulcer <i>M. parviflora</i> mucilage |
| title | <i>Malva parviflora</i> Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas Chromatography |
| title_full | <i>Malva parviflora</i> Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas Chromatography |
| title_fullStr | <i>Malva parviflora</i> Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas Chromatography |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Malva parviflora</i> Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas Chromatography |
| title_short | <i>Malva parviflora</i> Leaves and Fruits Mucilage as Natural Sources of Anti-Inflammatory, Antitussive and Gastro-Protective Agents: A Comparative Study Using Rat Models and Gas Chromatography |
| title_sort | i malva parviflora i leaves and fruits mucilage as natural sources of anti inflammatory antitussive and gastro protective agents a comparative study using rat models and gas chromatography |
| topic | anti-inflammatory antitussive cytoprotection gastric ulcer <i>M. parviflora</i> mucilage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/15/4/427 |
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