Replacement of the Trabecular Meshwork Cells—A Way Ahead in IOP Control?
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, characterised with irreversible optic nerve damage and progressive vision loss. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a subset of glaucoma, characterised by normal anterior chamber angle and raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Reducing I...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Biomolecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/9/1371 |
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| author | Xiaochen Fan Emine K. Bilir Olivia A. Kingston Rachel A. Oldershaw Victoria R. Kearns Colin E. Willoughby Carl M. Sheridan |
| author_facet | Xiaochen Fan Emine K. Bilir Olivia A. Kingston Rachel A. Oldershaw Victoria R. Kearns Colin E. Willoughby Carl M. Sheridan |
| author_sort | Xiaochen Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, characterised with irreversible optic nerve damage and progressive vision loss. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a subset of glaucoma, characterised by normal anterior chamber angle and raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Reducing IOP is the main modifiable factor in the treatment of POAG, and the trabecular meshwork (TM) is the primary site of aqueous humour outflow (AH) and the resistance to outflow. The structure and the composition of the TM are key to its function in regulating AH outflow. Dysfunction and loss of the TM cells found in the natural ageing process and more so in POAG can cause abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, increased TM stiffness, and increased IOP. Therefore, repair or regeneration of TM’s structure and function is considered as a potential treatment for POAG. Cell transplantation is an attractive option to repopulate the TM cells in POAG, but to develop a cell replacement approach, various challenges are still to be addressed. The choice of cell replacement covers autologous or allogenic approaches, which led to investigations into TM progenitor cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as potential stem cell source candidates. However, the potential plasticity and the lack of definitive cell markers for the progenitor and the TM cell population compound the biological challenge. Morphological and differential gene expression of TM cells located within different regions of the TM may give rise to different cell replacement or regenerative approaches. As such, this review describes the different approaches taken to date investigating different cell sources and their differing cell isolation and differentiation methodologies. In addition, we highlighted how these approaches were evaluated in different animal and ex vivo model systems and the potential of these methods in future POAG treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:52:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b8171e80e4834d09be474cc80e11b8f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:52:34Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8171e80e4834d09be474cc80e11b8f92023-11-22T12:11:40ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2021-09-01119137110.3390/biom11091371Replacement of the Trabecular Meshwork Cells—A Way Ahead in IOP Control?Xiaochen Fan0Emine K. Bilir1Olivia A. Kingston2Rachel A. Oldershaw3Victoria R. Kearns4Colin E. Willoughby5Carl M. Sheridan6Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKDepartment of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKDepartment of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKDepartment of Musculoskeletal and Ageing Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKDepartment of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKDepartment of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKDepartment of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 3BX, UKGlaucoma is one of the leading causes of vision loss worldwide, characterised with irreversible optic nerve damage and progressive vision loss. Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a subset of glaucoma, characterised by normal anterior chamber angle and raised intraocular pressure (IOP). Reducing IOP is the main modifiable factor in the treatment of POAG, and the trabecular meshwork (TM) is the primary site of aqueous humour outflow (AH) and the resistance to outflow. The structure and the composition of the TM are key to its function in regulating AH outflow. Dysfunction and loss of the TM cells found in the natural ageing process and more so in POAG can cause abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation, increased TM stiffness, and increased IOP. Therefore, repair or regeneration of TM’s structure and function is considered as a potential treatment for POAG. Cell transplantation is an attractive option to repopulate the TM cells in POAG, but to develop a cell replacement approach, various challenges are still to be addressed. The choice of cell replacement covers autologous or allogenic approaches, which led to investigations into TM progenitor cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) as potential stem cell source candidates. However, the potential plasticity and the lack of definitive cell markers for the progenitor and the TM cell population compound the biological challenge. Morphological and differential gene expression of TM cells located within different regions of the TM may give rise to different cell replacement or regenerative approaches. As such, this review describes the different approaches taken to date investigating different cell sources and their differing cell isolation and differentiation methodologies. In addition, we highlighted how these approaches were evaluated in different animal and ex vivo model systems and the potential of these methods in future POAG treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/9/1371trabecular meshworkglaucomacellular transplantationstem cellsiPSCMSCs |
| spellingShingle | Xiaochen Fan Emine K. Bilir Olivia A. Kingston Rachel A. Oldershaw Victoria R. Kearns Colin E. Willoughby Carl M. Sheridan Replacement of the Trabecular Meshwork Cells—A Way Ahead in IOP Control? Biomolecules trabecular meshwork glaucoma cellular transplantation stem cells iPSC MSCs |
| title | Replacement of the Trabecular Meshwork Cells—A Way Ahead in IOP Control? |
| title_full | Replacement of the Trabecular Meshwork Cells—A Way Ahead in IOP Control? |
| title_fullStr | Replacement of the Trabecular Meshwork Cells—A Way Ahead in IOP Control? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Replacement of the Trabecular Meshwork Cells—A Way Ahead in IOP Control? |
| title_short | Replacement of the Trabecular Meshwork Cells—A Way Ahead in IOP Control? |
| title_sort | replacement of the trabecular meshwork cells a way ahead in iop control |
| topic | trabecular meshwork glaucoma cellular transplantation stem cells iPSC MSCs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/11/9/1371 |
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