Durability Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber, Fly Ash and Calcium Carbide Waste
Waste tire disposal continues to pose a threat to the environment due to its non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, some means of managing waste tires include grinding them to crumb rubber (CR) sizes and using them as a partial replacement to fine aggregate in concrete. However, the use of CR has a se...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/2/488 |
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| author | Sylvia E. Kelechi Musa Adamu Abubakar Mohammed Yasser E. Ibrahim Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo |
| author_facet | Sylvia E. Kelechi Musa Adamu Abubakar Mohammed Yasser E. Ibrahim Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo |
| author_sort | Sylvia E. Kelechi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Waste tire disposal continues to pose a threat to the environment due to its non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, some means of managing waste tires include grinding them to crumb rubber (CR) sizes and using them as a partial replacement to fine aggregate in concrete. However, the use of CR has a series of advantages, but its major disadvantage is strength reduction. This leads to the utilization of calcium carbide waste (CCW) to mitigate the negative effect of CR in self-compacting concrete (SCC). This study investigates the durability properties of SCC containing CR modified using fly ash and CCW. The durability properties considered are water absorption, acid attack, salt resistance, and elevated temperature of the mixes. The experiment was conducted for mixes with no-fly ash content and their replica mixes containing fly ash to replace 40% of the cement. In the mixes, CR was used to partially replace fine aggregate in proportions of 0%, 10%, and 20% by volume, and CCW was used as a partial replacement to cement at 0%, 5%, and 10% by volume. The results indicate that the mixes containing fly ash had higher resistance to acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) and salt (MgSO<sub>4</sub>), with up to 23% resistance observed when compared to the mix containing no fly ash. In addition, resistance to acid attack decreased with the increase in the replacement of fine aggregate with CR. The same principle applied to the salt attack scenario, although the rate was more rapid with the acid than the salt. The results obtained from heating indicate that the weight loss was reduced slightly with the increase in CCW, and was increased with the increase in CR and temperature. Similarly, the compressive strength was observed to slightly increase at room temperature (27 °C) and the greatest loss in compressive strength was observed between the temperature of 300 and 400 °C. However, highest water absorption, of 2.83%, was observed in the mix containing 20% CR, and 0% CCW, while the lowest water absorption, of 1.68%, was found in the mix with 0% CR, 40% fly ash, and 10% CCW. In conclusion, fly ash is recommended for concrete structures immersed in water, acid, or salt in sulphate- and magnesium-prone areas; conversely, fly ash and CR reduce the resistance of SCC to heat beyond 200 °C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:03:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b829dc3ff9eb440aa7c7c5b7dd12422c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:03:49Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b829dc3ff9eb440aa7c7c5b7dd12422c2023-11-23T14:29:58ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442022-01-0115248810.3390/ma15020488Durability Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber, Fly Ash and Calcium Carbide WasteSylvia E. Kelechi0Musa Adamu1Abubakar Mohammed2Yasser E. Ibrahim3Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo4Department of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Purdue University Northwest, Hammond, IN 46323, USADepartment of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B 3011, Kano 700006, NigeriaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Bayero University, P.M.B 3011, Kano 700006, NigeriaEngineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, African University of Science and Technology, Abuja 900109, NigeriaWaste tire disposal continues to pose a threat to the environment due to its non-biodegradable nature. Therefore, some means of managing waste tires include grinding them to crumb rubber (CR) sizes and using them as a partial replacement to fine aggregate in concrete. However, the use of CR has a series of advantages, but its major disadvantage is strength reduction. This leads to the utilization of calcium carbide waste (CCW) to mitigate the negative effect of CR in self-compacting concrete (SCC). This study investigates the durability properties of SCC containing CR modified using fly ash and CCW. The durability properties considered are water absorption, acid attack, salt resistance, and elevated temperature of the mixes. The experiment was conducted for mixes with no-fly ash content and their replica mixes containing fly ash to replace 40% of the cement. In the mixes, CR was used to partially replace fine aggregate in proportions of 0%, 10%, and 20% by volume, and CCW was used as a partial replacement to cement at 0%, 5%, and 10% by volume. The results indicate that the mixes containing fly ash had higher resistance to acid (H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) and salt (MgSO<sub>4</sub>), with up to 23% resistance observed when compared to the mix containing no fly ash. In addition, resistance to acid attack decreased with the increase in the replacement of fine aggregate with CR. The same principle applied to the salt attack scenario, although the rate was more rapid with the acid than the salt. The results obtained from heating indicate that the weight loss was reduced slightly with the increase in CCW, and was increased with the increase in CR and temperature. Similarly, the compressive strength was observed to slightly increase at room temperature (27 °C) and the greatest loss in compressive strength was observed between the temperature of 300 and 400 °C. However, highest water absorption, of 2.83%, was observed in the mix containing 20% CR, and 0% CCW, while the lowest water absorption, of 1.68%, was found in the mix with 0% CR, 40% fly ash, and 10% CCW. In conclusion, fly ash is recommended for concrete structures immersed in water, acid, or salt in sulphate- and magnesium-prone areas; conversely, fly ash and CR reduce the resistance of SCC to heat beyond 200 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/2/488calcium carbide residuecrumb rubberfly ashself-compacting concreteacid attacksalt attack |
| spellingShingle | Sylvia E. Kelechi Musa Adamu Abubakar Mohammed Yasser E. Ibrahim Ifeyinwa I. Obianyo Durability Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber, Fly Ash and Calcium Carbide Waste Materials calcium carbide residue crumb rubber fly ash self-compacting concrete acid attack salt attack |
| title | Durability Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber, Fly Ash and Calcium Carbide Waste |
| title_full | Durability Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber, Fly Ash and Calcium Carbide Waste |
| title_fullStr | Durability Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber, Fly Ash and Calcium Carbide Waste |
| title_full_unstemmed | Durability Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber, Fly Ash and Calcium Carbide Waste |
| title_short | Durability Performance of Self-Compacting Concrete Containing Crumb Rubber, Fly Ash and Calcium Carbide Waste |
| title_sort | durability performance of self compacting concrete containing crumb rubber fly ash and calcium carbide waste |
| topic | calcium carbide residue crumb rubber fly ash self-compacting concrete acid attack salt attack |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/15/2/488 |
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