Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics With the Light Elements Li, Be and B: A Review
Light elements offer a unique opportunity for studying several astrophysical scenarios from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to stellar physics. Understanding the stellar abundances of light elements is key to obtaining information on internal stellar structures and mixing phenomena in different evolutionar...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2020.589240/full |
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| author | G.G. Rapisarda L. Lamia L. Lamia L. Lamia A. Caciolli A. Caciolli Chengbo Li Chengbo Li S. Degl’Innocenti S. Degl’Innocenti R. Depalo R. Depalo S. Palmerini S. Palmerini R.G. Pizzone S. Romano S. Romano S. Romano C. Spitaleri E. Tognelli E. Tognelli Qungang Wen |
| author_facet | G.G. Rapisarda L. Lamia L. Lamia L. Lamia A. Caciolli A. Caciolli Chengbo Li Chengbo Li S. Degl’Innocenti S. Degl’Innocenti R. Depalo R. Depalo S. Palmerini S. Palmerini R.G. Pizzone S. Romano S. Romano S. Romano C. Spitaleri E. Tognelli E. Tognelli Qungang Wen |
| author_sort | G.G. Rapisarda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Light elements offer a unique opportunity for studying several astrophysical scenarios from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to stellar physics. Understanding the stellar abundances of light elements is key to obtaining information on internal stellar structures and mixing phenomena in different evolutionary phases, such as the pre-main-sequence, main-sequence or red-giant branch. In such a case, light elements, i.e., lithium, beryllium and boron, are usually burnt at temperatures of the order of 2–5 × 106 K. Consequently, the astrophysical S(E)-factor and the reaction rate of the nuclear reactions responsible for the burning of such elements must be measured and evaluated at ultra-low energies (between 0 and 10 keV). The Trojan Horse Method (THM) is an experimental technique that allows us to perform this kind of measurements avoiding uncertainties due to the extrapolation and electron screening effects on direct data. A long Trojan Horse Method research program has been devoted to the measurement of light element burning cross sections at astrophysical energies. In addition, dedicated direct measurements have been performed using both in-beam spectroscopy and the activation technique. In this review we will report the details of these experimental measurements and the results in terms of S(E)-factor, reaction rate and electron screening potential. A comparison between astrophysical reaction rates evaluated here and the literature will also be given. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:51:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b82d8df3aff2472fa1e871fb0ada7b8b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-987X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T21:51:26Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-b82d8df3aff2472fa1e871fb0ada7b8b2022-12-21T18:11:21ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences2296-987X2021-02-01710.3389/fspas.2020.589240589240Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics With the Light Elements Li, Be and B: A ReviewG.G. Rapisarda0L. Lamia1L. Lamia2L. Lamia3A. Caciolli4A. Caciolli5Chengbo Li6Chengbo Li7S. Degl’Innocenti8S. Degl’Innocenti9R. Depalo10R. Depalo11S. Palmerini12S. Palmerini13R.G. Pizzone14S. Romano15S. Romano16S. Romano17C. Spitaleri18E. Tognelli19E. Tognelli20Qungang Wen21Laboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, Catania, ItalyLaboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, Catania, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “E. Majorana”, Univ. di Catania, Catania, ItalyCSFNSM-Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e Struttura della Materia, Catania, ItalyPhysics and Astronomy Department, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyINFN Section of Padova, Padova, ItalyKey Laboratory of Beam Technology of Ministry of Education, Beijing Radiation Center, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100875, ChinaCollege of Nuclear Science and Technology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaINFN, Section of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Physics “E.Fermi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyPhysics and Astronomy Department, University of Padova, Padova, ItalyINFN Section of Padova, Padova, Italy0Dipartimento di Fisica e Geologia, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy1INFN sezione di Perugia, Perugia, ItalyLaboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, Catania, ItalyLaboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, Catania, ItalyDipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “E. Majorana”, Univ. di Catania, Catania, ItalyCSFNSM-Centro Siciliano di Fisica Nucleare e Struttura della Materia, Catania, ItalyLaboratori Nazionali del Sud, INFN-LNS, Catania, ItalyINFN, Section of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Physics “E.Fermi”, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy2School of Physics and Materials Science, Anhui University, Hefei, ChinaLight elements offer a unique opportunity for studying several astrophysical scenarios from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis to stellar physics. Understanding the stellar abundances of light elements is key to obtaining information on internal stellar structures and mixing phenomena in different evolutionary phases, such as the pre-main-sequence, main-sequence or red-giant branch. In such a case, light elements, i.e., lithium, beryllium and boron, are usually burnt at temperatures of the order of 2–5 × 106 K. Consequently, the astrophysical S(E)-factor and the reaction rate of the nuclear reactions responsible for the burning of such elements must be measured and evaluated at ultra-low energies (between 0 and 10 keV). The Trojan Horse Method (THM) is an experimental technique that allows us to perform this kind of measurements avoiding uncertainties due to the extrapolation and electron screening effects on direct data. A long Trojan Horse Method research program has been devoted to the measurement of light element burning cross sections at astrophysical energies. In addition, dedicated direct measurements have been performed using both in-beam spectroscopy and the activation technique. In this review we will report the details of these experimental measurements and the results in terms of S(E)-factor, reaction rate and electron screening potential. A comparison between astrophysical reaction rates evaluated here and the literature will also be given.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2020.589240/fullnuclear astrophysicsnuclear reactionsactivation methodreaction ratenucleosynthesiselectron screening effect |
| spellingShingle | G.G. Rapisarda L. Lamia L. Lamia L. Lamia A. Caciolli A. Caciolli Chengbo Li Chengbo Li S. Degl’Innocenti S. Degl’Innocenti R. Depalo R. Depalo S. Palmerini S. Palmerini R.G. Pizzone S. Romano S. Romano S. Romano C. Spitaleri E. Tognelli E. Tognelli Qungang Wen Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics With the Light Elements Li, Be and B: A Review Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences nuclear astrophysics nuclear reactions activation method reaction rate nucleosynthesis electron screening effect |
| title | Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics With the Light Elements Li, Be and B: A Review |
| title_full | Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics With the Light Elements Li, Be and B: A Review |
| title_fullStr | Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics With the Light Elements Li, Be and B: A Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics With the Light Elements Li, Be and B: A Review |
| title_short | Experimental Nuclear Astrophysics With the Light Elements Li, Be and B: A Review |
| title_sort | experimental nuclear astrophysics with the light elements li be and b a review |
| topic | nuclear astrophysics nuclear reactions activation method reaction rate nucleosynthesis electron screening effect |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2020.589240/full |
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