B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19
(1) Background: Vulnerable populations including transplant recipients are jeopardised by COVID-19. Herein, we report on B and T cell responses among liver and kidney organ recipients at our centre. (2) Methods: 23 liver and 45 kidney (14 thereof combined kidney/pancreas) transplanted patients were...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/1 |
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| author | Christina Watschinger Gerald Stampfel Andreas Zollner Anna M. Hoog Annika Rössler Silvia Reiter Kristina Dax Janine Kimpel Herbert Tilg Marlies Antlanger Elisabeth Schwaiger Alexander R. Moschen |
| author_facet | Christina Watschinger Gerald Stampfel Andreas Zollner Anna M. Hoog Annika Rössler Silvia Reiter Kristina Dax Janine Kimpel Herbert Tilg Marlies Antlanger Elisabeth Schwaiger Alexander R. Moschen |
| author_sort | Christina Watschinger |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: Vulnerable populations including transplant recipients are jeopardised by COVID-19. Herein, we report on B and T cell responses among liver and kidney organ recipients at our centre. (2) Methods: 23 liver and 45 kidney (14 thereof combined kidney/pancreas) transplanted patients were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 followed by a booster dose of mRNA-1273 in 28 non-responders 4 months thereafter. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Ig was measured by specific ELISA and virus neutralisation assay; T cell responses were measured by a spike protein-specific IFN-γ release assay. (3) Results: Compared to controls, B and T cell responses were weak in transplant recipients, particularly in those without prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Within this group, only 15% after the first and 58.3% after the second vaccination achieved seroconversion. A total of 14 out of 28 vaccination non-responders achieved a seroconversion after a third dose. Vaccination side effects were more frequent in healthy controls. The use of mycophenolate was associated with reduced anti-SARS-CoV-2-Ig production. (4) Conclusions: Our data confirm that vaccination responses are insufficient after standard vaccination in liver and kidney transplant recipients and are affected to a variable degree by specific immunosuppressants, particularly mycophenolate. Monitoring vaccination success and re-vaccinating those who are unresponsive seems prudent to achieve sufficient titres. Overall, prospective large-scale, multinational, multicentre studies or high-quality meta-analyses will be needed to generate personalised vaccination strategies in order to achieve protective immunity in high-risk, hard-to-immunize populations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:45Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:33:45Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-b8314a61dd4841d6ae68721b713d865a2024-01-26T18:46:07ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-12-01161110.3390/v16010001B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19Christina Watschinger0Gerald Stampfel1Andreas Zollner2Anna M. Hoog3Annika Rössler4Silvia Reiter5Kristina Dax6Janine Kimpel7Herbert Tilg8Marlies Antlanger9Elisabeth Schwaiger10Alexander R. Moschen11Department of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4021 Linz, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4021 Linz, AustriaChristian Doppler Laboratory for Mucosal Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4021 Linz, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4021 Linz, AustriaDepartment of Hygiene, Microbiology, and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4021 Linz, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4021 Linz, AustriaDepartment of Hygiene, Microbiology, and Public Health, Institute of Virology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Medicine, Division of Internal Medicine 1 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism), Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4021 Linz, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4021 Linz, AustriaDepartment of Internal Medicine 2 (Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Nephrology, Rheumatology), Faculty of Medicine, Johannes Kepler University Linz, 4021 Linz, Austria(1) Background: Vulnerable populations including transplant recipients are jeopardised by COVID-19. Herein, we report on B and T cell responses among liver and kidney organ recipients at our centre. (2) Methods: 23 liver and 45 kidney (14 thereof combined kidney/pancreas) transplanted patients were vaccinated with two doses of BNT162b2 followed by a booster dose of mRNA-1273 in 28 non-responders 4 months thereafter. Anti-SARS-CoV-2-Ig was measured by specific ELISA and virus neutralisation assay; T cell responses were measured by a spike protein-specific IFN-γ release assay. (3) Results: Compared to controls, B and T cell responses were weak in transplant recipients, particularly in those without prior exposure to SARS-CoV-2. Within this group, only 15% after the first and 58.3% after the second vaccination achieved seroconversion. A total of 14 out of 28 vaccination non-responders achieved a seroconversion after a third dose. Vaccination side effects were more frequent in healthy controls. The use of mycophenolate was associated with reduced anti-SARS-CoV-2-Ig production. (4) Conclusions: Our data confirm that vaccination responses are insufficient after standard vaccination in liver and kidney transplant recipients and are affected to a variable degree by specific immunosuppressants, particularly mycophenolate. Monitoring vaccination success and re-vaccinating those who are unresponsive seems prudent to achieve sufficient titres. Overall, prospective large-scale, multinational, multicentre studies or high-quality meta-analyses will be needed to generate personalised vaccination strategies in order to achieve protective immunity in high-risk, hard-to-immunize populations.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/1SARS-CoV-2COVID-19vaccinationliver transplantationkidney transplantationantibody response |
| spellingShingle | Christina Watschinger Gerald Stampfel Andreas Zollner Anna M. Hoog Annika Rössler Silvia Reiter Kristina Dax Janine Kimpel Herbert Tilg Marlies Antlanger Elisabeth Schwaiger Alexander R. Moschen B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19 Viruses SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccination liver transplantation kidney transplantation antibody response |
| title | B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19 |
| title_full | B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19 |
| title_fullStr | B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19 |
| title_full_unstemmed | B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19 |
| title_short | B and T Cell Responses to SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients with and without Previous COVID-19 |
| title_sort | b and t cell responses to sars cov 2 vaccination in kidney and liver transplant recipients with and without previous covid 19 |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19 vaccination liver transplantation kidney transplantation antibody response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/16/1/1 |
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