In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>
Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented, double-stranded RNA virus transmitted by <i>Culicoides</i> biting midges. Infection of domestic and wild ruminants with BTV can result in a devastating disease and significant economic losses. As a virus with a segmented genome, reassortment among t...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/10/1207 |
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| author | Molly Carpenter AnaMario Benavides Obon Jennifer Kopanke Justin Lee Kirsten Reed Tyler Sherman Case Rodgers Mark Stenglein Emily McDermott Christie Mayo |
| author_facet | Molly Carpenter AnaMario Benavides Obon Jennifer Kopanke Justin Lee Kirsten Reed Tyler Sherman Case Rodgers Mark Stenglein Emily McDermott Christie Mayo |
| author_sort | Molly Carpenter |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented, double-stranded RNA virus transmitted by <i>Culicoides</i> biting midges. Infection of domestic and wild ruminants with BTV can result in a devastating disease and significant economic losses. As a virus with a segmented genome, reassortment among the BTV serotypes that have co-infected a host may increase genetic diversity, which can alter BTV transmission dynamics and generate epizootic events. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of dissemination and characterize the tropism of BTV serotypes 10 and 17 in co-infected <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>. Midges were exposed to both BTV serotypes via blood meal and processed for histologic slides 10 days after infection. An in situ hybridization approach was employed using the RNAscope platform to detect the nucleic acid segment 2 of both serotypes. Observations of the mosaic patterns in which serotypes did not often overlap suggest that co-infection at the cellular level may not be abundant with these two serotypes in <i>C. sonorensis</i>. This could be a consequence of superinfection exclusion. Understanding BTV co-infection and its biological consequences will add an important dimension to the modeling of viral evolution and emergence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:59:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b833187eab7e4521a66c546ffb396055 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T20:59:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-b833187eab7e4521a66c546ffb3960552023-11-19T17:40:01ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-09-011210120710.3390/pathogens12101207In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>Molly Carpenter0AnaMario Benavides Obon1Jennifer Kopanke2Justin Lee3Kirsten Reed4Tyler Sherman5Case Rodgers6Mark Stenglein7Emily McDermott8Christie Mayo9Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USADiagnostic Medicine Center, Colorado State University, 2450 Gillette Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USADepartment of Comparative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USAGenomic Sequencing Laboratory, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USADiagnostic Medicine Center, Colorado State University, 2450 Gillette Drive, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USADepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USADepartment of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, 1601 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USABluetongue virus (BTV) is a segmented, double-stranded RNA virus transmitted by <i>Culicoides</i> biting midges. Infection of domestic and wild ruminants with BTV can result in a devastating disease and significant economic losses. As a virus with a segmented genome, reassortment among the BTV serotypes that have co-infected a host may increase genetic diversity, which can alter BTV transmission dynamics and generate epizootic events. The objective of this study was to determine the extent of dissemination and characterize the tropism of BTV serotypes 10 and 17 in co-infected <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i>. Midges were exposed to both BTV serotypes via blood meal and processed for histologic slides 10 days after infection. An in situ hybridization approach was employed using the RNAscope platform to detect the nucleic acid segment 2 of both serotypes. Observations of the mosaic patterns in which serotypes did not often overlap suggest that co-infection at the cellular level may not be abundant with these two serotypes in <i>C. sonorensis</i>. This could be a consequence of superinfection exclusion. Understanding BTV co-infection and its biological consequences will add an important dimension to the modeling of viral evolution and emergence.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/10/1207bluetongue virusco-infection<i>Culicoides</i>in situ hybridization |
| spellingShingle | Molly Carpenter AnaMario Benavides Obon Jennifer Kopanke Justin Lee Kirsten Reed Tyler Sherman Case Rodgers Mark Stenglein Emily McDermott Christie Mayo In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> Pathogens bluetongue virus co-infection <i>Culicoides</i> in situ hybridization |
| title | In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> |
| title_full | In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> |
| title_fullStr | In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> |
| title_short | In Situ Hybridization (RNAscope) Detection of Bluetongue Virus Serotypes 10 and 17 in Experimentally Co-Infected <i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> |
| title_sort | in situ hybridization rnascope detection of bluetongue virus serotypes 10 and 17 in experimentally co infected i culicoides sonorensis i |
| topic | bluetongue virus co-infection <i>Culicoides</i> in situ hybridization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/10/1207 |
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