Comparing World Economic and Net Energy Metrics, Part 2: Total Economy Expenditure Perspective
We translate between energetic and economic metrics that characterize the role of energy in the economy. Specifically, we estimate monetary expenditures for the primary energy and net external power ratio (NEPR direct...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2015-11-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/11/12347 |
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| author | Carey W. King John P. Maxwell Alyssa Donovan |
| author_facet | Carey W. King John P. Maxwell Alyssa Donovan |
| author_sort | Carey W. King |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We translate between energetic and economic metrics that characterize the role of energy in the economy. Specifically, we estimate monetary expenditures for the primary energy and net external power ratio (NEPR direct ; NEPR, net external power ratio), a power return ratio of annual energy production divided by annual direct energy inputs within the energy industry. We estimate these on an annualized basis for forty-four countries from 1978 to 2010. Expressed as a fraction of gross domestic product (GDP), f e , GDP , the forty-four country aggregate (composing >90% world GDP) worldwide expenditures on energy decreased from a maximum of 10.3% in 1979 to a minimum of 3.0% in 1998 before increasing to a second peak of 8.1% in 2008. While the global f e , GDP fluctuates significantly, global NEPR direct declined from a value of 34 in 1980 to 17 in 1986 before staying in a range between 14 and 16 from 1991 to 2010. In comparing both of these metrics as ratios of power output over power input, one economic ( f e , GDP - 1 ) and one biophysical (NEPR direct ), we see that when the former divided by the latter is below unity, the world was in a low-growth or recessionary state. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:50:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b83395de29a840dcb439f9b125285028 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:50:16Z |
| publishDate | 2015-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-b83395de29a840dcb439f9b1252850282022-12-22T03:58:36ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732015-11-01811129751299610.3390/en81112347en81112347Comparing World Economic and Net Energy Metrics, Part 2: Total Economy Expenditure PerspectiveCarey W. King0John P. Maxwell1Alyssa Donovan2Energy Institute, the University of Texas at Austin, 2304 Whitis Ave, C2400, Austin, TX 78712, USASenate Fiscal Agency, P.O. Box 30036 Lansing, MI 48909-7536, USAJackson School of Geosciences, the University of Texas at Austin, 2275 Speedway, C9000, Austin, TX 78712, USAWe translate between energetic and economic metrics that characterize the role of energy in the economy. Specifically, we estimate monetary expenditures for the primary energy and net external power ratio (NEPR direct ; NEPR, net external power ratio), a power return ratio of annual energy production divided by annual direct energy inputs within the energy industry. We estimate these on an annualized basis for forty-four countries from 1978 to 2010. Expressed as a fraction of gross domestic product (GDP), f e , GDP , the forty-four country aggregate (composing >90% world GDP) worldwide expenditures on energy decreased from a maximum of 10.3% in 1979 to a minimum of 3.0% in 1998 before increasing to a second peak of 8.1% in 2008. While the global f e , GDP fluctuates significantly, global NEPR direct declined from a value of 34 in 1980 to 17 in 1986 before staying in a range between 14 and 16 from 1991 to 2010. In comparing both of these metrics as ratios of power output over power input, one economic ( f e , GDP - 1 ) and one biophysical (NEPR direct ), we see that when the former divided by the latter is below unity, the world was in a low-growth or recessionary state.http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/11/12347energynet energyeconomicscost shareinput-outputtransition |
| spellingShingle | Carey W. King John P. Maxwell Alyssa Donovan Comparing World Economic and Net Energy Metrics, Part 2: Total Economy Expenditure Perspective Energies energy net energy economics cost share input-output transition |
| title | Comparing World Economic and Net Energy Metrics, Part 2: Total Economy Expenditure Perspective |
| title_full | Comparing World Economic and Net Energy Metrics, Part 2: Total Economy Expenditure Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Comparing World Economic and Net Energy Metrics, Part 2: Total Economy Expenditure Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparing World Economic and Net Energy Metrics, Part 2: Total Economy Expenditure Perspective |
| title_short | Comparing World Economic and Net Energy Metrics, Part 2: Total Economy Expenditure Perspective |
| title_sort | comparing world economic and net energy metrics part 2 total economy expenditure perspective |
| topic | energy net energy economics cost share input-output transition |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/8/11/12347 |
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