Observation of Weibull, Lognormal, and Gamma Distributions in Electrodeposited Cu and Cu-Ag Particles
In this work, the nearest-neighbor distances and Voronoi cell features of Cu-Ag deposits were analyzed and fitted with Lognormal, Weibull, and Gamma distributions. The nearest-neighbor distance distributions of the samples were compared with those of complete spatially random points, showing spatial...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/19/6452 |
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| author | Yunkai Sun Giovanni Zangari |
| author_facet | Yunkai Sun Giovanni Zangari |
| author_sort | Yunkai Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, the nearest-neighbor distances and Voronoi cell features of Cu-Ag deposits were analyzed and fitted with Lognormal, Weibull, and Gamma distributions. The nearest-neighbor distance distributions of the samples were compared with those of complete spatially random points, showing spatial inhomogeneity due to the nucleation exclusion effect. The radial distribution function was calculated, showing both influences from the grain size and the nucleation exclusion effect. Voronoi cells were generated based on the shape of the grains. The size, occupancy, and coordination of the Voronoi cells were examined and fitted. The results show that although the Cu-Ag deposits seemed to be governed by the instantaneous nucleation mode, the spatial distribution of the nuclei was more impacted by the nucleation exclusion effect than the Cu-only samples. This behavior is also justified by the grain size distribution generated with Voronoi cell size and occupancy distributions. |
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| id | doaj.art-b8341d93b13f4839b0a56a68094abe8a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:41:03Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b8341d93b13f4839b0a56a68094abe8a2023-11-19T14:40:05ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-09-011619645210.3390/ma16196452Observation of Weibull, Lognormal, and Gamma Distributions in Electrodeposited Cu and Cu-Ag ParticlesYunkai Sun0Giovanni Zangari1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USADepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USAIn this work, the nearest-neighbor distances and Voronoi cell features of Cu-Ag deposits were analyzed and fitted with Lognormal, Weibull, and Gamma distributions. The nearest-neighbor distance distributions of the samples were compared with those of complete spatially random points, showing spatial inhomogeneity due to the nucleation exclusion effect. The radial distribution function was calculated, showing both influences from the grain size and the nucleation exclusion effect. Voronoi cells were generated based on the shape of the grains. The size, occupancy, and coordination of the Voronoi cells were examined and fitted. The results show that although the Cu-Ag deposits seemed to be governed by the instantaneous nucleation mode, the spatial distribution of the nuclei was more impacted by the nucleation exclusion effect than the Cu-only samples. This behavior is also justified by the grain size distribution generated with Voronoi cell size and occupancy distributions.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/19/6452electrodepositionnucleation and growthparticle statisticsLognormal distributionWeibull distributionGamma distribution |
| spellingShingle | Yunkai Sun Giovanni Zangari Observation of Weibull, Lognormal, and Gamma Distributions in Electrodeposited Cu and Cu-Ag Particles Materials electrodeposition nucleation and growth particle statistics Lognormal distribution Weibull distribution Gamma distribution |
| title | Observation of Weibull, Lognormal, and Gamma Distributions in Electrodeposited Cu and Cu-Ag Particles |
| title_full | Observation of Weibull, Lognormal, and Gamma Distributions in Electrodeposited Cu and Cu-Ag Particles |
| title_fullStr | Observation of Weibull, Lognormal, and Gamma Distributions in Electrodeposited Cu and Cu-Ag Particles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Observation of Weibull, Lognormal, and Gamma Distributions in Electrodeposited Cu and Cu-Ag Particles |
| title_short | Observation of Weibull, Lognormal, and Gamma Distributions in Electrodeposited Cu and Cu-Ag Particles |
| title_sort | observation of weibull lognormal and gamma distributions in electrodeposited cu and cu ag particles |
| topic | electrodeposition nucleation and growth particle statistics Lognormal distribution Weibull distribution Gamma distribution |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/19/6452 |
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