Comparison of Serum Metabolomics Pathways and Patterns between Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Study
Background: A close relationship exists between major depressive disorder (MDD) and diabetes mellitus. The metabolomic difference and similarity between patients with and without diabetes mellitus have not been well studied in the context of MDD. We aimed to examine these differences and common seru...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IMR Press
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Integrative Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/22/1/10.31083/j.jin2201013 |
| _version_ | 1828047845949702144 |
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| author | Naomichi Okamoto Takashi Hoshikawa Atsuko Ikenouchi Tomoya Natsuyama Rintaro Fujii Ryohei Igata Hirofumi Tesen Yuki Konishi Yuichi Honma Masaru Harada Reiji Yoshimura |
| author_facet | Naomichi Okamoto Takashi Hoshikawa Atsuko Ikenouchi Tomoya Natsuyama Rintaro Fujii Ryohei Igata Hirofumi Tesen Yuki Konishi Yuichi Honma Masaru Harada Reiji Yoshimura |
| author_sort | Naomichi Okamoto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: A close relationship exists between major depressive disorder (MDD) and diabetes mellitus. The metabolomic difference and similarity between patients with and without diabetes mellitus have not been well studied in the context of MDD. We aimed to examine these differences and common serum metabolomics patterns, pathways and biomarkers that can comprehensively reflect the pathogenetic difference and similarity between these MDD groups. Methods: We performed a metabolomics analysis of serum samples of healthy controls (n = 6), patients with MDD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 13), and patients with MDD without type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 27). Metabolomics analysis was conducted using capillary electrophoresis Fourier transform mass spectrometry and a candidate compound was assigned to the 496 (290 cation, 206 anion) peaks. Moreover, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the candidate biomarkers for distinguishing between MDD patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Principal component analysis revealed no clear distinction among the three groups, while naive partial least squares discriminant analysis yielded three relatively good and distinct populations based on the first principal component. Energy conversion by the tricarboxylic acid cycle represented the highest percentage among the top 30 positive factors of the first principal component, and glutamate metabolism and urea cycle represented the highest percentage among the top 30 negative factors of the first principal component. Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies had high impact in MDD with type 2 diabetes mellitus group and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism had high impact in MDD without type 2 diabetes mellitus group for the pathway. Conclusions: Patterns of serum metabolites may be different among MDD with type 2 diabetes mellitus, MDD without type 2 diabetes mellitus, and healthy controls groups. Specifically, comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus could affect metabolomics pathway and alter the distribution of serum metabolites in patients with MDD. These findings may shed light on the influence of the type 2 diabetes on the pathophysiology of MDD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:49:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b838f9325d184e26b812c1565e530fcd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0219-6352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:49:35Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IMR Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Integrative Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-b838f9325d184e26b812c1565e530fcd2023-02-01T08:23:27ZengIMR PressJournal of Integrative Neuroscience0219-63522023-01-012211310.31083/j.jin2201013S0219-6352(22)00466-1Comparison of Serum Metabolomics Pathways and Patterns between Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory StudyNaomichi Okamoto0Takashi Hoshikawa1Atsuko Ikenouchi2Tomoya Natsuyama3Rintaro Fujii4Ryohei Igata5Hirofumi Tesen6Yuki Konishi7Yuichi Honma8Masaru Harada9Reiji Yoshimura10Department of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanThird Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanThird Department of Internal Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, 807-8555 Kitakyushu, JapanBackground: A close relationship exists between major depressive disorder (MDD) and diabetes mellitus. The metabolomic difference and similarity between patients with and without diabetes mellitus have not been well studied in the context of MDD. We aimed to examine these differences and common serum metabolomics patterns, pathways and biomarkers that can comprehensively reflect the pathogenetic difference and similarity between these MDD groups. Methods: We performed a metabolomics analysis of serum samples of healthy controls (n = 6), patients with MDD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 13), and patients with MDD without type 2 diabetes mellitus (n = 27). Metabolomics analysis was conducted using capillary electrophoresis Fourier transform mass spectrometry and a candidate compound was assigned to the 496 (290 cation, 206 anion) peaks. Moreover, we evaluated the sensitivity and specificity of the candidate biomarkers for distinguishing between MDD patients with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Results: Principal component analysis revealed no clear distinction among the three groups, while naive partial least squares discriminant analysis yielded three relatively good and distinct populations based on the first principal component. Energy conversion by the tricarboxylic acid cycle represented the highest percentage among the top 30 positive factors of the first principal component, and glutamate metabolism and urea cycle represented the highest percentage among the top 30 negative factors of the first principal component. Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies had high impact in MDD with type 2 diabetes mellitus group and taurine and hypotaurine metabolism had high impact in MDD without type 2 diabetes mellitus group for the pathway. Conclusions: Patterns of serum metabolites may be different among MDD with type 2 diabetes mellitus, MDD without type 2 diabetes mellitus, and healthy controls groups. Specifically, comorbid type 2 diabetes mellitus could affect metabolomics pathway and alter the distribution of serum metabolites in patients with MDD. These findings may shed light on the influence of the type 2 diabetes on the pathophysiology of MDD.https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/22/1/10.31083/j.jin2201013metabolomicsmetabolomemajor depressive disordertype 2 diabetes mellitustricarboxylic acid cycleglutamate metabolism and urea cyclesynthesis and degradation of ketone bodiestaurine and hypotaurine metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Naomichi Okamoto Takashi Hoshikawa Atsuko Ikenouchi Tomoya Natsuyama Rintaro Fujii Ryohei Igata Hirofumi Tesen Yuki Konishi Yuichi Honma Masaru Harada Reiji Yoshimura Comparison of Serum Metabolomics Pathways and Patterns between Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Study Journal of Integrative Neuroscience metabolomics metabolome major depressive disorder type 2 diabetes mellitus tricarboxylic acid cycle glutamate metabolism and urea cycle synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies taurine and hypotaurine metabolism |
| title | Comparison of Serum Metabolomics Pathways and Patterns between Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Study |
| title_full | Comparison of Serum Metabolomics Pathways and Patterns between Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Study |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Serum Metabolomics Pathways and Patterns between Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Serum Metabolomics Pathways and Patterns between Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Study |
| title_short | Comparison of Serum Metabolomics Pathways and Patterns between Patients with Major Depressive Disorder with and without Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: An Exploratory Study |
| title_sort | comparison of serum metabolomics pathways and patterns between patients with major depressive disorder with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus an exploratory study |
| topic | metabolomics metabolome major depressive disorder type 2 diabetes mellitus tricarboxylic acid cycle glutamate metabolism and urea cycle synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies taurine and hypotaurine metabolism |
| url | https://www.imrpress.com/journal/JIN/22/1/10.31083/j.jin2201013 |
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