The clinical relevance of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in children with encephalitis/encephalopathy
Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies are associated with different types of syndromes. However, few studies have investigated the correlation between anti-GAD antibody titers with clinical severity and outcomes in children with encephalitis/encephalopathy. In this single-center ret...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1081580/full |
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| author | Ju-Yin Hou Hsin-Uei Liu Cheng-Yen Kuo Yi-Hsuan Liu Jainn-Jim Lin Jainn-Jim Lin Meng-Ying Hsieh Meng-Ying Hsieh Po-Cheng Hung Po-Cheng Hung Yi-Ting Cheng I-Chen Su Huei-Shyong Wang Huei-Shyong Wang I-Jun Chou I-Jun Chou Kuang-Lin Lin Kuang-Lin Lin |
| author_facet | Ju-Yin Hou Hsin-Uei Liu Cheng-Yen Kuo Yi-Hsuan Liu Jainn-Jim Lin Jainn-Jim Lin Meng-Ying Hsieh Meng-Ying Hsieh Po-Cheng Hung Po-Cheng Hung Yi-Ting Cheng I-Chen Su Huei-Shyong Wang Huei-Shyong Wang I-Jun Chou I-Jun Chou Kuang-Lin Lin Kuang-Lin Lin |
| author_sort | Ju-Yin Hou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies are associated with different types of syndromes. However, few studies have investigated the correlation between anti-GAD antibody titers with clinical severity and outcomes in children with encephalitis/encephalopathy. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we consecutively enrolled hospitalized children who had encephalitis and/or encephalopathy with positive anti-GAD antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from February 2010 to October 2021. Thirty-seven patients were included and divided into high-titer and low-titer groups. The patients with high anti-GAD antibody titers were associated with initial symptoms of language difficulty and ataxia. The level of titers was not associated with severity or outcomes. Anti-GAD antibody titers decreased after immunotherapy, however, the clinical response to immunotherapy was variable. A transient elevation in anti-GAD antibody titers during immunotherapy was noted. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role of anti-GAD antibodies in the pathogenesis and immune mechanisms of encephalitis/encephalopathy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:09:37Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b844b45d8ae24ae8be98f08960c398df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-453X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T18:09:37Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-b844b45d8ae24ae8be98f08960c398df2023-02-02T11:45:37ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neuroscience1662-453X2023-02-011610.3389/fnins.2022.10815801081580The clinical relevance of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in children with encephalitis/encephalopathyJu-Yin Hou0Hsin-Uei Liu1Cheng-Yen Kuo2Yi-Hsuan Liu3Jainn-Jim Lin4Jainn-Jim Lin5Meng-Ying Hsieh6Meng-Ying Hsieh7Po-Cheng Hung8Po-Cheng Hung9Yi-Ting Cheng10I-Chen Su11Huei-Shyong Wang12Huei-Shyong Wang13I-Jun Chou14I-Jun Chou15Kuang-Lin Lin16Kuang-Lin Lin17Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Critical Care and Pediatric Neurocritical Care Center, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Critical Care and Pediatric Neurocritical Care Center, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, TaiwanDivision of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatric, Chang Gung Children’s Hospital and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan City, TaiwanCollege of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, TaiwanAnti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies are associated with different types of syndromes. However, few studies have investigated the correlation between anti-GAD antibody titers with clinical severity and outcomes in children with encephalitis/encephalopathy. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, we consecutively enrolled hospitalized children who had encephalitis and/or encephalopathy with positive anti-GAD antibodies in serum and/or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from February 2010 to October 2021. Thirty-seven patients were included and divided into high-titer and low-titer groups. The patients with high anti-GAD antibody titers were associated with initial symptoms of language difficulty and ataxia. The level of titers was not associated with severity or outcomes. Anti-GAD antibody titers decreased after immunotherapy, however, the clinical response to immunotherapy was variable. A transient elevation in anti-GAD antibody titers during immunotherapy was noted. Further studies are warranted to investigate the role of anti-GAD antibodies in the pathogenesis and immune mechanisms of encephalitis/encephalopathy.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1081580/fullencephalitisencephalopathyanti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodyGADimmunotherapyantineuronal antibodies |
| spellingShingle | Ju-Yin Hou Hsin-Uei Liu Cheng-Yen Kuo Yi-Hsuan Liu Jainn-Jim Lin Jainn-Jim Lin Meng-Ying Hsieh Meng-Ying Hsieh Po-Cheng Hung Po-Cheng Hung Yi-Ting Cheng I-Chen Su Huei-Shyong Wang Huei-Shyong Wang I-Jun Chou I-Jun Chou Kuang-Lin Lin Kuang-Lin Lin The clinical relevance of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in children with encephalitis/encephalopathy Frontiers in Neuroscience encephalitis encephalopathy anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody GAD immunotherapy antineuronal antibodies |
| title | The clinical relevance of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in children with encephalitis/encephalopathy |
| title_full | The clinical relevance of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in children with encephalitis/encephalopathy |
| title_fullStr | The clinical relevance of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in children with encephalitis/encephalopathy |
| title_full_unstemmed | The clinical relevance of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in children with encephalitis/encephalopathy |
| title_short | The clinical relevance of anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in children with encephalitis/encephalopathy |
| title_sort | clinical relevance of anti glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies in children with encephalitis encephalopathy |
| topic | encephalitis encephalopathy anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody GAD immunotherapy antineuronal antibodies |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnins.2022.1081580/full |
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