Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa
The livestock industry supports livelihood and nutritional security of at least 42% of people in the Southern African Development Community region. However, presence of animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease poses a major threat to the development of this industry. Samples collected from FMD...
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2195 |
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| author | Frank Banda Yona Sinkala Liywalli Mataa Phiyani Lebea Tingiya Sikombe Henry L. Kangwa Elliot M. Fana Mokganedi Mokopasetso Jemma Wadsworth Nick J. Knowles Donald P. King Melvyn Quan |
| author_facet | Frank Banda Yona Sinkala Liywalli Mataa Phiyani Lebea Tingiya Sikombe Henry L. Kangwa Elliot M. Fana Mokganedi Mokopasetso Jemma Wadsworth Nick J. Knowles Donald P. King Melvyn Quan |
| author_sort | Frank Banda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The livestock industry supports livelihood and nutritional security of at least 42% of people in the Southern African Development Community region. However, presence of animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease poses a major threat to the development of this industry. Samples collected from FMD outbreaks in Zambia during 2015–2020, comprising epithelial tissues samples (<i>n</i> = 47) and sera (<i>n</i> = 120), were analysed. FMD virus was serotyped in 26 samples, while 92 sera samples tested positive on NSP-ELISA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed notable changes in the epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, which included: (i) introduction of a novel FMDV SAT-3 (topotype II) causing FMD cases in cattle in Western Province; (ii) emergence of FMDV serotype O (topotype O/EA-2) in Central, Southern, Copperbelt, Western, Lusaka Provinces; and (iii) new outbreaks due to SAT -2 (topotypes I) in Eastern Zambia. Together, these data describe eight different epizootics that occurred in Zambia, four of which were outside the known FMD high-risk areas. This study highlights the complex epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, where the country represents an interface between East Africa (Pool 4) and Southern Africa (Pool 6). These changing viral dynamics have direct impacts on FMD vaccine selection in the SADC region. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:59:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b84810a0f872427f9a68129ac0b1aae2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:59:28Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-b84810a0f872427f9a68129ac0b1aae22023-11-23T01:56:30ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152021-10-011311219510.3390/v13112195Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern AfricaFrank Banda0Yona Sinkala1Liywalli Mataa2Phiyani Lebea3Tingiya Sikombe4Henry L. Kangwa5Elliot M. Fana6Mokganedi Mokopasetso7Jemma Wadsworth8Nick J. Knowles9Donald P. King10Melvyn Quan11Central Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaDepartment of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaTokabio (Pty) Limited, Pretoria 0001, South AfricaCentral Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaCentral Veterinary Research Institute, Lusaka 10101, ZambiaBotswana Vaccine Institute, Lejara, Gaborone 5617, BotswanaBotswana Vaccine Institute, Lejara, Gaborone 5617, BotswanaThe Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UKThe Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UKThe Pirbright Institute, Pirbright GU24 0NF, UKDepartment of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South AfricaThe livestock industry supports livelihood and nutritional security of at least 42% of people in the Southern African Development Community region. However, presence of animal diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease poses a major threat to the development of this industry. Samples collected from FMD outbreaks in Zambia during 2015–2020, comprising epithelial tissues samples (<i>n</i> = 47) and sera (<i>n</i> = 120), were analysed. FMD virus was serotyped in 26 samples, while 92 sera samples tested positive on NSP-ELISA. Phylogenetic analysis revealed notable changes in the epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, which included: (i) introduction of a novel FMDV SAT-3 (topotype II) causing FMD cases in cattle in Western Province; (ii) emergence of FMDV serotype O (topotype O/EA-2) in Central, Southern, Copperbelt, Western, Lusaka Provinces; and (iii) new outbreaks due to SAT -2 (topotypes I) in Eastern Zambia. Together, these data describe eight different epizootics that occurred in Zambia, four of which were outside the known FMD high-risk areas. This study highlights the complex epidemiology of FMD in Zambia, where the country represents an interface between East Africa (Pool 4) and Southern Africa (Pool 6). These changing viral dynamics have direct impacts on FMD vaccine selection in the SADC region.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2195FMDlivestockbuffalo |
| spellingShingle | Frank Banda Yona Sinkala Liywalli Mataa Phiyani Lebea Tingiya Sikombe Henry L. Kangwa Elliot M. Fana Mokganedi Mokopasetso Jemma Wadsworth Nick J. Knowles Donald P. King Melvyn Quan Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa Viruses FMD livestock buffalo |
| title | Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa |
| title_full | Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa |
| title_fullStr | Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa |
| title_short | Characterization of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Viruses in Zambia-Implications for the Epidemiology of the Disease in Southern Africa |
| title_sort | characterization of foot and mouth disease viruses in zambia implications for the epidemiology of the disease in southern africa |
| topic | FMD livestock buffalo |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/13/11/2195 |
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