Shaping Modern Vaccines: Adjuvant Systems Using MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®)
The concept of adjuvants or adjuvant systems, used in vaccines, exploit evolutionary relationships associated with how the immune system may initially respond to a foreign antigen or pathogen, thus mimicking natural exposure. This is particularly relevant during the non-specific innate stage of the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2020-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.594911/full |
| _version_ | 1819172530916687872 |
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| author | Matthew D. Heath Matthew D. Heath Mona O. Mohsen Mona O. Mohsen Pieter-Jan de Kam Thalia L. Carreno Velazquez Simon J. Hewings Simon J. Hewings Matthias F. Kramer Matthias F. Kramer Thomas M. Kündig Martin F. Bachmann Martin F. Bachmann Murray A. Skinner Murray A. Skinner |
| author_facet | Matthew D. Heath Matthew D. Heath Mona O. Mohsen Mona O. Mohsen Pieter-Jan de Kam Thalia L. Carreno Velazquez Simon J. Hewings Simon J. Hewings Matthias F. Kramer Matthias F. Kramer Thomas M. Kündig Martin F. Bachmann Martin F. Bachmann Murray A. Skinner Murray A. Skinner |
| author_sort | Matthew D. Heath |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The concept of adjuvants or adjuvant systems, used in vaccines, exploit evolutionary relationships associated with how the immune system may initially respond to a foreign antigen or pathogen, thus mimicking natural exposure. This is particularly relevant during the non-specific innate stage of the immune response; as such, the quality of this response may dictate specific adaptive responses and conferred memory/protection to that specific antigen or pathogen. Therefore, adjuvants may optimise this response in the most appropriate way for a specific disease. The most commonly used traditional adjuvants are aluminium salts; however, a biodegradable adjuvant, MCT®, was developed for application in the niche area of allergy immunotherapy (AIT), also in combination with a TLR-4 adjuvant—Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPL®)—producing the first adjuvant system approach for AIT in the clinic. In the last decade, the use and effectiveness of MCT® across a variety of disease models in the preclinical setting highlight it as a promising platform for adjuvant systems, to help overcome the challenges of modern vaccines. A consequence of bringing together, for the first time, a unified view of MCT® mode-of-action from multiple experiments and adjuvant systems will help facilitate future rational design of vaccines while shaping their success. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T20:08:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b848cfa9b4bd4e09a7bf354cae148917 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T20:08:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-b848cfa9b4bd4e09a7bf354cae1489172022-12-21T18:14:04ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242020-11-011110.3389/fimmu.2020.594911594911Shaping Modern Vaccines: Adjuvant Systems Using MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®)Matthew D. Heath0Matthew D. Heath1Mona O. Mohsen2Mona O. Mohsen3Pieter-Jan de Kam4Thalia L. Carreno Velazquez5Simon J. Hewings6Simon J. Hewings7Matthias F. Kramer8Matthias F. Kramer9Thomas M. Kündig10Martin F. Bachmann11Martin F. Bachmann12Murray A. Skinner13Murray A. Skinner14Allergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd, Worthing, United KingdomBencard Adjuvant Systems [a Division of Allergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd], Worthing, United KingdomInterim Translational Research Institute “iTRI”, National Center for Cancer Care and Research (NCCCR), Doha, QatarDepartment of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandAllergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd, Worthing, United KingdomAllergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd, Worthing, United KingdomAllergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd, Worthing, United KingdomBencard Adjuvant Systems [a Division of Allergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd], Worthing, United KingdomBencard Adjuvant Systems [a Division of Allergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd], Worthing, United KingdomBencard Allergie (GmbH), München, GermanyDermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandDepartment of BioMedical Research, Immunology RIA, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandJenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomAllergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd, Worthing, United KingdomBencard Adjuvant Systems [a Division of Allergy Therapeutics (UK) Ltd], Worthing, United KingdomThe concept of adjuvants or adjuvant systems, used in vaccines, exploit evolutionary relationships associated with how the immune system may initially respond to a foreign antigen or pathogen, thus mimicking natural exposure. This is particularly relevant during the non-specific innate stage of the immune response; as such, the quality of this response may dictate specific adaptive responses and conferred memory/protection to that specific antigen or pathogen. Therefore, adjuvants may optimise this response in the most appropriate way for a specific disease. The most commonly used traditional adjuvants are aluminium salts; however, a biodegradable adjuvant, MCT®, was developed for application in the niche area of allergy immunotherapy (AIT), also in combination with a TLR-4 adjuvant—Monophosphoryl Lipid A (MPL®)—producing the first adjuvant system approach for AIT in the clinic. In the last decade, the use and effectiveness of MCT® across a variety of disease models in the preclinical setting highlight it as a promising platform for adjuvant systems, to help overcome the challenges of modern vaccines. A consequence of bringing together, for the first time, a unified view of MCT® mode-of-action from multiple experiments and adjuvant systems will help facilitate future rational design of vaccines while shaping their success.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.594911/fulladjuvantsvirus-like particlesMicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®)allergydiseaseimmunization |
| spellingShingle | Matthew D. Heath Matthew D. Heath Mona O. Mohsen Mona O. Mohsen Pieter-Jan de Kam Thalia L. Carreno Velazquez Simon J. Hewings Simon J. Hewings Matthias F. Kramer Matthias F. Kramer Thomas M. Kündig Martin F. Bachmann Martin F. Bachmann Murray A. Skinner Murray A. Skinner Shaping Modern Vaccines: Adjuvant Systems Using MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®) Frontiers in Immunology adjuvants virus-like particles MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®) allergy disease immunization |
| title | Shaping Modern Vaccines: Adjuvant Systems Using MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®) |
| title_full | Shaping Modern Vaccines: Adjuvant Systems Using MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®) |
| title_fullStr | Shaping Modern Vaccines: Adjuvant Systems Using MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Shaping Modern Vaccines: Adjuvant Systems Using MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®) |
| title_short | Shaping Modern Vaccines: Adjuvant Systems Using MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®) |
| title_sort | shaping modern vaccines adjuvant systems using microcrystalline tyrosine mct r |
| topic | adjuvants virus-like particles MicroCrystalline Tyrosine (MCT®) allergy disease immunization |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2020.594911/full |
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