Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines.
We assessed the humoral immune responses to a COVID-19 vaccine in a well-controlled rhesus macaque model compared to humans immunized with two mRNA vaccines over several months post-second dose. The plasma IgG levels against seven coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) and antibody subtypes (IgG 1-4 a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2023-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0287377&type=printable |
| _version_ | 1797214644658503680 |
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| author | Resmi Ravindran Harsharonjit Kang Cindy McReynolds Gursharan Kaur Sanghar W L William Chang Santhamani Ramasamy Afsal Kolloli Ranjeet Kumar Selvakumar Subbian Bruce D Hammock Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor Aamer Ikram Angela Haczku Imran H Khan |
| author_facet | Resmi Ravindran Harsharonjit Kang Cindy McReynolds Gursharan Kaur Sanghar W L William Chang Santhamani Ramasamy Afsal Kolloli Ranjeet Kumar Selvakumar Subbian Bruce D Hammock Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor Aamer Ikram Angela Haczku Imran H Khan |
| author_sort | Resmi Ravindran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We assessed the humoral immune responses to a COVID-19 vaccine in a well-controlled rhesus macaque model compared to humans immunized with two mRNA vaccines over several months post-second dose. The plasma IgG levels against seven coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) and antibody subtypes (IgG 1-4 and IgM) against SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated using multiplex assays. The neutralization capacity of plasma antibodies against the original SAR-CoV-2 isolate and nine variants was evaluated in vaccinated humans and non-human primates. Immunization of macaques and humans with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines induced a robust neutralizing antibody response. In non-SIV-infected adult macaques immunized with an adenoviral vector expressing S-RBD (n = 7) or N protein (n = 3), elevated levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected 2 weeks post-second dose. Immune responses to the S-RBD vaccine in SIV-infected adult macaques (n = 2) were similar to the non-SIV-infected animals. Adult humans immunized with Pfizer (n = 35) or Moderna (n = 18) vaccines developed IgG and neutralizing antibodies at 4 weeks post-second dose. In both vaccine groups, IgG 1 was the predominant subtype, followed by IgG 3. The IgG levels, including total and IgG 1,2,3 elicited by the Moderna vaccine, were significantly higher than the corresponding levels elicited by the Pfizer vaccine at 4 weeks post-second dose. A significant correlation was observed between the plasma total IgG antibody levels and neutralization titers in both macaques and humans. Furthermore, broad-spectrum neutralization antibodies against several variants of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the plasma of both macaques and humans after two vaccinations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:59:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b84e8865fddc4c55b9dd59a891b73bfd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:17:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-b84e8865fddc4c55b9dd59a891b73bfd2024-04-11T05:32:20ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032023-01-011810e028737710.1371/journal.pone.0287377Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines.Resmi RavindranHarsharonjit KangCindy McReynoldsGursharan Kaur SangharW L William ChangSanthamani RamasamyAfsal KolloliRanjeet KumarSelvakumar SubbianBruce D HammockDennis J Hartigan-O'ConnorAamer IkramAngela HaczkuImran H KhanWe assessed the humoral immune responses to a COVID-19 vaccine in a well-controlled rhesus macaque model compared to humans immunized with two mRNA vaccines over several months post-second dose. The plasma IgG levels against seven coronaviruses (including SARS-CoV-2) and antibody subtypes (IgG 1-4 and IgM) against SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated using multiplex assays. The neutralization capacity of plasma antibodies against the original SAR-CoV-2 isolate and nine variants was evaluated in vaccinated humans and non-human primates. Immunization of macaques and humans with SARS-CoV-2 vaccines induced a robust neutralizing antibody response. In non-SIV-infected adult macaques immunized with an adenoviral vector expressing S-RBD (n = 7) or N protein (n = 3), elevated levels of IgG and neutralizing antibodies were detected 2 weeks post-second dose. Immune responses to the S-RBD vaccine in SIV-infected adult macaques (n = 2) were similar to the non-SIV-infected animals. Adult humans immunized with Pfizer (n = 35) or Moderna (n = 18) vaccines developed IgG and neutralizing antibodies at 4 weeks post-second dose. In both vaccine groups, IgG 1 was the predominant subtype, followed by IgG 3. The IgG levels, including total and IgG 1,2,3 elicited by the Moderna vaccine, were significantly higher than the corresponding levels elicited by the Pfizer vaccine at 4 weeks post-second dose. A significant correlation was observed between the plasma total IgG antibody levels and neutralization titers in both macaques and humans. Furthermore, broad-spectrum neutralization antibodies against several variants of SARS-CoV-2 were detected in the plasma of both macaques and humans after two vaccinations.https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0287377&type=printable |
| spellingShingle | Resmi Ravindran Harsharonjit Kang Cindy McReynolds Gursharan Kaur Sanghar W L William Chang Santhamani Ramasamy Afsal Kolloli Ranjeet Kumar Selvakumar Subbian Bruce D Hammock Dennis J Hartigan-O'Connor Aamer Ikram Angela Haczku Imran H Khan Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines. PLoS ONE |
| title | Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines. |
| title_full | Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines. |
| title_fullStr | Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines. |
| title_short | Dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with COVID-19 vaccines. |
| title_sort | dynamics of temporal immune responses in nonhuman primates and humans immunized with covid 19 vaccines |
| url | https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0287377&type=printable |
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