Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Significantly Decreased during the Pandemic in Slovakia from 2020 to 2022 Which Was Associated with Decreasing Mortality
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to changes in lifestyle, which could influence vitamin D status on a population level. The purpose of our study was to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in patients hospitalized because of severe COVID-19 during two waves of the pan...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/1132 |
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| author | Juraj Smaha Peter Jackuliak Martin Kužma Filip Max Neil Binkley Juraj Payer |
| author_facet | Juraj Smaha Peter Jackuliak Martin Kužma Filip Max Neil Binkley Juraj Payer |
| author_sort | Juraj Smaha |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to changes in lifestyle, which could influence vitamin D status on a population level. The purpose of our study was to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in patients hospitalized because of severe COVID-19 during two waves of the pandemic (2020/21 vs. 2021/22). A total of 101 patients from the 2021/22 wave were compared with 101 sex- and age-matched subjects from the 2020/21 wave. Patients from both groups were hospitalized during the winter season from 1 December to 28 February. Men and women were analyzed together and separately. The mean 25(OH)D concentration increased from 17.8 ± 9.7 ng/mL to 25.2 ± 12.6 ng/mL between waves. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) decreased from 82% to 54%. The prevalence of adequate serum 25(OH)D concentration (>30 ng/mL) increased from 10% to 34% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with a history of vitamin D supplementation increased from 18% to 44% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Low serum 25(OH)D concentration was independently associated with mortality after adjusting for age and sex for the whole cohort of patients (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The prevalence of inadequate vitamin D status in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Slovakia decreased significantly, probably due to a higher rate of vitamin D supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:14:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b858bc2dd4be491390183096cd8edc5e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:14:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-b858bc2dd4be491390183096cd8edc5e2023-11-17T08:20:01ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432023-02-01155113210.3390/nu15051132Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Significantly Decreased during the Pandemic in Slovakia from 2020 to 2022 Which Was Associated with Decreasing MortalityJuraj Smaha0Peter Jackuliak1Martin Kužma2Filip Max3Neil Binkley4Juraj Payer55th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, Slovakia5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, Slovakia5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Comenius University Faculty of Pharmacy, Odbojarov 10, 832 32 Bratislava, SlovakiaDepartment of Medicine, Geriatrics Faculty, Medical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin, 1300 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706-1510, USA5th Department of Internal Medicine, Comenius University Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital, Ruzinovska 6, 826 06 Bratislava, SlovakiaThe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to changes in lifestyle, which could influence vitamin D status on a population level. The purpose of our study was to compare 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels in patients hospitalized because of severe COVID-19 during two waves of the pandemic (2020/21 vs. 2021/22). A total of 101 patients from the 2021/22 wave were compared with 101 sex- and age-matched subjects from the 2020/21 wave. Patients from both groups were hospitalized during the winter season from 1 December to 28 February. Men and women were analyzed together and separately. The mean 25(OH)D concentration increased from 17.8 ± 9.7 ng/mL to 25.2 ± 12.6 ng/mL between waves. The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/mL) decreased from 82% to 54%. The prevalence of adequate serum 25(OH)D concentration (>30 ng/mL) increased from 10% to 34% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The proportion of patients with a history of vitamin D supplementation increased from 18% to 44% (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Low serum 25(OH)D concentration was independently associated with mortality after adjusting for age and sex for the whole cohort of patients (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). The prevalence of inadequate vitamin D status in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 in Slovakia decreased significantly, probably due to a higher rate of vitamin D supplementation during the COVID-19 pandemic.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/1132COVID-19pneumoniapandemicvitamin D25-hydroxyvitamin DSARS-CoV-2 |
| spellingShingle | Juraj Smaha Peter Jackuliak Martin Kužma Filip Max Neil Binkley Juraj Payer Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Significantly Decreased during the Pandemic in Slovakia from 2020 to 2022 Which Was Associated with Decreasing Mortality Nutrients COVID-19 pneumonia pandemic vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D SARS-CoV-2 |
| title | Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Significantly Decreased during the Pandemic in Slovakia from 2020 to 2022 Which Was Associated with Decreasing Mortality |
| title_full | Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Significantly Decreased during the Pandemic in Slovakia from 2020 to 2022 Which Was Associated with Decreasing Mortality |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Significantly Decreased during the Pandemic in Slovakia from 2020 to 2022 Which Was Associated with Decreasing Mortality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Significantly Decreased during the Pandemic in Slovakia from 2020 to 2022 Which Was Associated with Decreasing Mortality |
| title_short | Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Significantly Decreased during the Pandemic in Slovakia from 2020 to 2022 Which Was Associated with Decreasing Mortality |
| title_sort | vitamin d deficiency prevalence in hospitalized patients with covid 19 significantly decreased during the pandemic in slovakia from 2020 to 2022 which was associated with decreasing mortality |
| topic | COVID-19 pneumonia pandemic vitamin D 25-hydroxyvitamin D SARS-CoV-2 |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/15/5/1132 |
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