Monitoring Ambient Parameters in the IoT Precision Agriculture Scenario: An Approach to Sensor Selection and Hydroponic Saffron Cultivation
The world population is on the rise, which demands higher food production. The reduction in the amount of land under cultivation due to urbanization makes this more challenging. The solution to this problem lies in the artificial cultivation of crops. IoT and sensors play an important role in optimi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8905 |
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| author | Kanwalpreet Kour Deepali Gupta Kamali Gupta Divya Anand Dalia H. Elkamchouchi Cristina Mazas Pérez-Oleaga Muhammad Ibrahim Nitin Goyal |
| author_facet | Kanwalpreet Kour Deepali Gupta Kamali Gupta Divya Anand Dalia H. Elkamchouchi Cristina Mazas Pérez-Oleaga Muhammad Ibrahim Nitin Goyal |
| author_sort | Kanwalpreet Kour |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The world population is on the rise, which demands higher food production. The reduction in the amount of land under cultivation due to urbanization makes this more challenging. The solution to this problem lies in the artificial cultivation of crops. IoT and sensors play an important role in optimizing the artificial cultivation of crops. The selection of sensors is important in order to ensure a better quality and yield in an automated artificial environment. There are many challenges involved in selecting sensors due to the highly competitive market. This paper provides a novel approach to sensor selection for saffron cultivation in an IoT-based environment. The crop used in this study is saffron due to the reason that much less research has been conducted on its hydroponic cultivation using sensors and its huge economic impact. A detailed hardware-based framework, the growth cycle of the crop, along with all the sensors, and the block layout used for saffron cultivation in a hydroponic medium are provided. The important parameters for a hydroponic medium, such as the concentration of nutrients and flow rate required, are discussed in detail. This paper is the first of its kind to explain the sensor configurations, performance metrics, and sensor-based saffron cultivation model. The paper discusses different metrics related to the selection, use and role of sensors in different IoT-based saffron cultivation practices. A smart hydroponic setup for saffron cultivation is proposed. The results of the model are evaluated using the AquaCrop simulator. The simulator is used to evaluate the value of performance metrics such as the yield, harvest index, water productivity, and biomass. The values obtained provide better results as compared to natural cultivation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:00:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b85e32261b2d450391af4ff5d0ce5727 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:00:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-b85e32261b2d450391af4ff5d0ce57272023-11-24T09:57:41ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-11-012222890510.3390/s22228905Monitoring Ambient Parameters in the IoT Precision Agriculture Scenario: An Approach to Sensor Selection and Hydroponic Saffron CultivationKanwalpreet Kour0Deepali Gupta1Kamali Gupta2Divya Anand3Dalia H. Elkamchouchi4Cristina Mazas Pérez-Oleaga5Muhammad Ibrahim6Nitin Goyal7Chitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, IndiaChitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, IndiaChitkara University Institute of Engineering & Technology, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, IndiaSchool of Computer Science and Engineering, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, IndiaDepartment of Information Technology, College of Computer and Information Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaResearch and Innovation, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, C/Isabel Torres 21, 39011 Santander, SpainDepartment of Computer Engineering and Research Center of Advance Technology, Jeju National University, Jeju-si 63243, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Central University of Haryana, Mahenderagarh 123031, Haryana, IndiaThe world population is on the rise, which demands higher food production. The reduction in the amount of land under cultivation due to urbanization makes this more challenging. The solution to this problem lies in the artificial cultivation of crops. IoT and sensors play an important role in optimizing the artificial cultivation of crops. The selection of sensors is important in order to ensure a better quality and yield in an automated artificial environment. There are many challenges involved in selecting sensors due to the highly competitive market. This paper provides a novel approach to sensor selection for saffron cultivation in an IoT-based environment. The crop used in this study is saffron due to the reason that much less research has been conducted on its hydroponic cultivation using sensors and its huge economic impact. A detailed hardware-based framework, the growth cycle of the crop, along with all the sensors, and the block layout used for saffron cultivation in a hydroponic medium are provided. The important parameters for a hydroponic medium, such as the concentration of nutrients and flow rate required, are discussed in detail. This paper is the first of its kind to explain the sensor configurations, performance metrics, and sensor-based saffron cultivation model. The paper discusses different metrics related to the selection, use and role of sensors in different IoT-based saffron cultivation practices. A smart hydroponic setup for saffron cultivation is proposed. The results of the model are evaluated using the AquaCrop simulator. The simulator is used to evaluate the value of performance metrics such as the yield, harvest index, water productivity, and biomass. The values obtained provide better results as compared to natural cultivation.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8905IoTsaffronsensorsprecision agriculturesmart farminghydroponics |
| spellingShingle | Kanwalpreet Kour Deepali Gupta Kamali Gupta Divya Anand Dalia H. Elkamchouchi Cristina Mazas Pérez-Oleaga Muhammad Ibrahim Nitin Goyal Monitoring Ambient Parameters in the IoT Precision Agriculture Scenario: An Approach to Sensor Selection and Hydroponic Saffron Cultivation Sensors IoT saffron sensors precision agriculture smart farming hydroponics |
| title | Monitoring Ambient Parameters in the IoT Precision Agriculture Scenario: An Approach to Sensor Selection and Hydroponic Saffron Cultivation |
| title_full | Monitoring Ambient Parameters in the IoT Precision Agriculture Scenario: An Approach to Sensor Selection and Hydroponic Saffron Cultivation |
| title_fullStr | Monitoring Ambient Parameters in the IoT Precision Agriculture Scenario: An Approach to Sensor Selection and Hydroponic Saffron Cultivation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Monitoring Ambient Parameters in the IoT Precision Agriculture Scenario: An Approach to Sensor Selection and Hydroponic Saffron Cultivation |
| title_short | Monitoring Ambient Parameters in the IoT Precision Agriculture Scenario: An Approach to Sensor Selection and Hydroponic Saffron Cultivation |
| title_sort | monitoring ambient parameters in the iot precision agriculture scenario an approach to sensor selection and hydroponic saffron cultivation |
| topic | IoT saffron sensors precision agriculture smart farming hydroponics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/22/8905 |
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