Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer. In recent decades, major advances have been achieved in the diagnosis and prognosis of UM allowing for tailored treatments. However, nearly 50% of patients still develop metastatic disease with survival rates of less than 1 year. There is cu...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-09-01
|
| Series: | Cancers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/10/2761 |
| _version_ | 1797552644121690112 |
|---|---|
| author | Fabiana Mallone Marta Sacchetti Alessandro Lambiase Antonietta Moramarco |
| author_facet | Fabiana Mallone Marta Sacchetti Alessandro Lambiase Antonietta Moramarco |
| author_sort | Fabiana Mallone |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer. In recent decades, major advances have been achieved in the diagnosis and prognosis of UM allowing for tailored treatments. However, nearly 50% of patients still develop metastatic disease with survival rates of less than 1 year. There is currently no standard of adjuvant and metastatic treatment in UM, and available therapies are ineffective resulting from cutaneous melanoma protocols. Advances and novel treatment options including liver-directed therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted-therapy have been investigated in UM-dedicated clinical trials on single compounds or combinational therapies, with promising results. Therapies aimed at prolonging or targeting metastatic tumor dormancy provided encouraging results in other cancers, and need to be explored in UM. In this review, the latest progress in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of UM in adjuvant and metastatic settings are discussed. In addition, novel insights into tumor genetics, biology and immunology, and the mechanisms underlying metastatic dormancy are discussed. As evident from the numerous studies discussed in this review, the increasing knowledge of this disease and the promising results from testing of novel individualized therapies could offer future perspectives for translating in clinical use. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:04:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b86a8abc35484125b19751e4332fbd5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:04:00Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-b86a8abc35484125b19751e4332fbd5b2023-11-20T15:05:36ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-09-011210276110.3390/cancers12102761Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal MelanomaFabiana Mallone0Marta Sacchetti1Alessandro Lambiase2Antonietta Moramarco3Department of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Sense Organs, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, ItalyUveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular cancer. In recent decades, major advances have been achieved in the diagnosis and prognosis of UM allowing for tailored treatments. However, nearly 50% of patients still develop metastatic disease with survival rates of less than 1 year. There is currently no standard of adjuvant and metastatic treatment in UM, and available therapies are ineffective resulting from cutaneous melanoma protocols. Advances and novel treatment options including liver-directed therapies, immunotherapy, and targeted-therapy have been investigated in UM-dedicated clinical trials on single compounds or combinational therapies, with promising results. Therapies aimed at prolonging or targeting metastatic tumor dormancy provided encouraging results in other cancers, and need to be explored in UM. In this review, the latest progress in the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of UM in adjuvant and metastatic settings are discussed. In addition, novel insights into tumor genetics, biology and immunology, and the mechanisms underlying metastatic dormancy are discussed. As evident from the numerous studies discussed in this review, the increasing knowledge of this disease and the promising results from testing of novel individualized therapies could offer future perspectives for translating in clinical use.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/10/2761uveal melanoma (UM)metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM)prognosticationadjuvant therapymetastatic therapymetastatic dormancy |
| spellingShingle | Fabiana Mallone Marta Sacchetti Alessandro Lambiase Antonietta Moramarco Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma Cancers uveal melanoma (UM) metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) prognostication adjuvant therapy metastatic therapy metastatic dormancy |
| title | Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma |
| title_full | Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma |
| title_short | Molecular Insights and Emerging Strategies for Treatment of Metastatic Uveal Melanoma |
| title_sort | molecular insights and emerging strategies for treatment of metastatic uveal melanoma |
| topic | uveal melanoma (UM) metastatic uveal melanoma (mUM) prognostication adjuvant therapy metastatic therapy metastatic dormancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/10/2761 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT fabianamallone molecularinsightsandemergingstrategiesfortreatmentofmetastaticuvealmelanoma AT martasacchetti molecularinsightsandemergingstrategiesfortreatmentofmetastaticuvealmelanoma AT alessandrolambiase molecularinsightsandemergingstrategiesfortreatmentofmetastaticuvealmelanoma AT antoniettamoramarco molecularinsightsandemergingstrategiesfortreatmentofmetastaticuvealmelanoma |