Thermal Transformation of Secondary Resources of Carbon-Rich Wastes into Valuable Industrial Applications
Carbon-based materials have become an indispensable component in a myriad of domestic and industrial applications. Most of the carbon-based end-of-life products discussed in this review end up in landfills. Where recycling is available, it usually involves the production of lower-value products. The...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Composites Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/1/8 |
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| author | Sepideh Hemati Sanjith Udayakumar Charlotte Wesley Smitirupa Biswal Md. Shahruk Nur-A-Tomal Negin Sarmadi Farshid Pahlevani Veena Sahajwalla |
| author_facet | Sepideh Hemati Sanjith Udayakumar Charlotte Wesley Smitirupa Biswal Md. Shahruk Nur-A-Tomal Negin Sarmadi Farshid Pahlevani Veena Sahajwalla |
| author_sort | Sepideh Hemati |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Carbon-based materials have become an indispensable component in a myriad of domestic and industrial applications. Most of the carbon-based end-of-life products discussed in this review end up in landfills. Where recycling is available, it usually involves the production of lower-value products. The allotropic nature of carbon has been analysed to identify novel materials that could be obtained from used products, which also transform into a secondary carbon resource. Thermal transformation of carbon-rich wastes is a promising and viable pathway for adding value to waste that would otherwise go to landfills. The valorisation routes of four different carbon-rich wastes by thermal transformation are reviewed in the study—automotive shredder residue (ASR), textile wastes, leather wastes, and spent coffee grounds (SCGs). Textile wastes were thermally transformed into carbon fibres and activated carbon, while ASRs were used as a reductant to produce silicon carbide (SiC) from waste glass. The leather wastes and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were employed as reductants in the reduction of hematite. This paper examines the possible routes of thermally transforming carbon-rich wastes into different industrial processes and applications. The transformation products were characterised using several techniques to assess their suitability for their respective applications. The strategy of valorising the wastes by thermal transformation has successfully prevented those wastes from ending up in landfills. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:09:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b87984a78bf04e2c954b384545ca6c9d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2504-477X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:09:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Composites Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-b87984a78bf04e2c954b384545ca6c9d2023-11-30T22:54:11ZengMDPI AGJournal of Composites Science2504-477X2023-01-0171810.3390/jcs7010008Thermal Transformation of Secondary Resources of Carbon-Rich Wastes into Valuable Industrial ApplicationsSepideh Hemati0Sanjith Udayakumar1Charlotte Wesley2Smitirupa Biswal3Md. Shahruk Nur-A-Tomal4Negin Sarmadi5Farshid Pahlevani6Veena Sahajwalla7Centre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT@UNSW), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaCentre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT@UNSW), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaCentre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT@UNSW), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaCentre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT@UNSW), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaCentre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT@UNSW), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaCentre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT@UNSW), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaCentre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT@UNSW), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaCentre for Sustainable Materials Research and Technology (SMaRT@UNSW), School of Materials Science and Engineering, UNSW, Sydney, NSW 2052, AustraliaCarbon-based materials have become an indispensable component in a myriad of domestic and industrial applications. Most of the carbon-based end-of-life products discussed in this review end up in landfills. Where recycling is available, it usually involves the production of lower-value products. The allotropic nature of carbon has been analysed to identify novel materials that could be obtained from used products, which also transform into a secondary carbon resource. Thermal transformation of carbon-rich wastes is a promising and viable pathway for adding value to waste that would otherwise go to landfills. The valorisation routes of four different carbon-rich wastes by thermal transformation are reviewed in the study—automotive shredder residue (ASR), textile wastes, leather wastes, and spent coffee grounds (SCGs). Textile wastes were thermally transformed into carbon fibres and activated carbon, while ASRs were used as a reductant to produce silicon carbide (SiC) from waste glass. The leather wastes and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) were employed as reductants in the reduction of hematite. This paper examines the possible routes of thermally transforming carbon-rich wastes into different industrial processes and applications. The transformation products were characterised using several techniques to assess their suitability for their respective applications. The strategy of valorising the wastes by thermal transformation has successfully prevented those wastes from ending up in landfills.https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/1/8automotive shredder residue (ASR)glass wastetextile wastespent coffee grounds (SCG)leather wasteswaste valorisation |
| spellingShingle | Sepideh Hemati Sanjith Udayakumar Charlotte Wesley Smitirupa Biswal Md. Shahruk Nur-A-Tomal Negin Sarmadi Farshid Pahlevani Veena Sahajwalla Thermal Transformation of Secondary Resources of Carbon-Rich Wastes into Valuable Industrial Applications Journal of Composites Science automotive shredder residue (ASR) glass waste textile waste spent coffee grounds (SCG) leather wastes waste valorisation |
| title | Thermal Transformation of Secondary Resources of Carbon-Rich Wastes into Valuable Industrial Applications |
| title_full | Thermal Transformation of Secondary Resources of Carbon-Rich Wastes into Valuable Industrial Applications |
| title_fullStr | Thermal Transformation of Secondary Resources of Carbon-Rich Wastes into Valuable Industrial Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Thermal Transformation of Secondary Resources of Carbon-Rich Wastes into Valuable Industrial Applications |
| title_short | Thermal Transformation of Secondary Resources of Carbon-Rich Wastes into Valuable Industrial Applications |
| title_sort | thermal transformation of secondary resources of carbon rich wastes into valuable industrial applications |
| topic | automotive shredder residue (ASR) glass waste textile waste spent coffee grounds (SCG) leather wastes waste valorisation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2504-477X/7/1/8 |
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