Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization Current
A series of pure congruent lithium niobate (LiNbO3, CLN) crystals were grown and directly polarized under different electric currents in the growth furnace. Their holographic properties were investigated from the ultraviolet to the visible range. The response time shortened, whereas the diffraction...
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MDPI AG
2017-12-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/7/12/368 |
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| author | Tian Tian Xiaodong Yan Yongfa Kong Hongde Liu Dahuai Zheng Shiguo Liu Shaolin Chen Jingjun Xu Jiayue Xu |
| author_facet | Tian Tian Xiaodong Yan Yongfa Kong Hongde Liu Dahuai Zheng Shiguo Liu Shaolin Chen Jingjun Xu Jiayue Xu |
| author_sort | Tian Tian |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A series of pure congruent lithium niobate (LiNbO3, CLN) crystals were grown and directly polarized under different electric currents in the growth furnace. Their holographic properties were investigated from the ultraviolet to the visible range. The response time shortened, whereas the diffraction efficiency increased incrementally with the electric current. In particular, the response time of CLN polarized under 100 mA can be reduced by a factor of 10 with a still high saturation diffraction efficiency of about 40.8% at 351 nm. Moreover, its response speed improved by 60 times and 10 times for 473 and 532 nm laser, respectively. The light erasing behavior implies that at least two kinds of photorefractive centers exist in the crystals. Increasing the polarization current induces two pronounced UV absorption peaks and a wide visible absorption peak in CLN crystals. The diffusion effect dominates the photorefractive process and electrons are the dominant carriers. The possible mechanism for the fast photorefractive response is discussed. Increasing the polarization electric current is an effective method to improve the photorefractive response of LN crystal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:00:33Z |
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| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T07:00:33Z |
| publishDate | 2017-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-b885479ef4124967954f7cf43d44acd32022-12-22T01:58:20ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522017-12-0171236810.3390/cryst7120368cryst7120368Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization CurrentTian Tian0Xiaodong Yan1Yongfa Kong2Hongde Liu3Dahuai Zheng4Shiguo Liu5Shaolin Chen6Jingjun Xu7Jiayue Xu8Institute of Crystal Growth, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, ChinaInstitute of Crystal Growth, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, ChinaSchool of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaSchool of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaSchool of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaSchool of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaThe MOE Key Laboratory of Weak-Light Nonlinear Photonics and TEDA Applied Physics Institute, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, ChinaSchool of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, ChinaInstitute of Crystal Growth, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, ChinaA series of pure congruent lithium niobate (LiNbO3, CLN) crystals were grown and directly polarized under different electric currents in the growth furnace. Their holographic properties were investigated from the ultraviolet to the visible range. The response time shortened, whereas the diffraction efficiency increased incrementally with the electric current. In particular, the response time of CLN polarized under 100 mA can be reduced by a factor of 10 with a still high saturation diffraction efficiency of about 40.8% at 351 nm. Moreover, its response speed improved by 60 times and 10 times for 473 and 532 nm laser, respectively. The light erasing behavior implies that at least two kinds of photorefractive centers exist in the crystals. Increasing the polarization current induces two pronounced UV absorption peaks and a wide visible absorption peak in CLN crystals. The diffusion effect dominates the photorefractive process and electrons are the dominant carriers. The possible mechanism for the fast photorefractive response is discussed. Increasing the polarization electric current is an effective method to improve the photorefractive response of LN crystal.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/7/12/368lithium niobatephotorefractive response speedpolarizationreal-time 3D dynamic holographic display |
| spellingShingle | Tian Tian Xiaodong Yan Yongfa Kong Hongde Liu Dahuai Zheng Shiguo Liu Shaolin Chen Jingjun Xu Jiayue Xu Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization Current Crystals lithium niobate photorefractive response speed polarization real-time 3D dynamic holographic display |
| title | Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization Current |
| title_full | Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization Current |
| title_fullStr | Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization Current |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization Current |
| title_short | Improvement in the Photorefractive Response Speed and Mechanism of Pure Congruent Lithium Niobate Crystals by Increasing the Polarization Current |
| title_sort | improvement in the photorefractive response speed and mechanism of pure congruent lithium niobate crystals by increasing the polarization current |
| topic | lithium niobate photorefractive response speed polarization real-time 3D dynamic holographic display |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/7/12/368 |
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