Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Two Umbel Maturity Stages of Wild Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L. ssp. <i>carota</i>) from Montenegro
The purpose of this study was to determine essential oil yield, composition, and antioxidant activity during two different maturation stages of umbels with seeds(I stage: premature–waxy; and II stage: mature–fully ripening) of wild carrot (<i>Daucus carrota var. carota</i>) from the Mont...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Horticulturae |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/3/328 |
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| author | Jelena Stanojević Zoran S. Ilić Ljiljana Stanojević Lidija Milenković Renata Kovač Dragana Lalević Ljubomir Šunić Aleksandra Milenković Dragan Cvetković |
| author_facet | Jelena Stanojević Zoran S. Ilić Ljiljana Stanojević Lidija Milenković Renata Kovač Dragana Lalević Ljubomir Šunić Aleksandra Milenković Dragan Cvetković |
| author_sort | Jelena Stanojević |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this study was to determine essential oil yield, composition, and antioxidant activity during two different maturation stages of umbels with seeds(I stage: premature–waxy; and II stage: mature–fully ripening) of wild carrot (<i>Daucus carrota var. carota</i>) from the Montenegrin coast. A higher yield of carrot essential oil (CEO) was determined in mature, fully ripening umbels (1.96 mL/100 g p.m) than in premature umbels at the waxy stage (mL/100 g p.m). Thirty-three components were identified in premature umbels, with β-bisabolene (32.3%), 11-α-(H)-himachal-4-en-1-β-ol (27.9%), elemicin (10.1%), and α-longipipene (7.7%) being the main components. They were followed by α-pinene (3.7%), (<i>E</i>)-asarone (3.4%), (<i>E</i>)-anethole (3.2%), and β-himachalene (2.0%). Thirty-two components were identified in CEO from mature umbels, with β-bisabolene (41.0%), 11-α-(H)-himachal-4-en-1-β-ol(21.1%), elemicin (14.8%), andα-longipipene (5.7%) being the most abundant. These components were followed by (<i>E</i>)-asarone (3.9%), <i>cis</i>-α-bisabolene (2.4%), and β-himachalene (2.0%). The CEO isolated from mature umbelsshowed better antioxidant activity (EC<sub>50</sub> value of 31.80 mg/mL) in comparison to the CEO isolated from premature umbels (EC<sub>50</sub> value of 49.18 mg/mL) during the incubation time of 60 min. The degree of DPPH radical neutralization increased as the incubation time increased from 20 to 60 min. Therefore, our findings recommend that wild carrot could be harvested in the fully ripening stage when the umbel improves CEO yield and antioxidant activity, without the risk of seed shedding from the umbel and seed losses. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:28:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-b888f5b8e4c143f6a22b608d02e7c744 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-7524 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:28:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
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| series | Horticulturae |
| spelling | doaj.art-b888f5b8e4c143f6a22b608d02e7c7442023-11-17T11:24:08ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242023-03-019332810.3390/horticulturae9030328Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Two Umbel Maturity Stages of Wild Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L. ssp. <i>carota</i>) from MontenegroJelena Stanojević0Zoran S. Ilić1Ljiljana Stanojević2Lidija Milenković3Renata Kovač4Dragana Lalević5Ljubomir Šunić6Aleksandra Milenković7Dragan Cvetković8Faculty of Technology, University of Niš, BulevarOslobođenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kopaonička bb, 38219 Lešak, SerbiaFaculty of Technology, University of Niš, BulevarOslobođenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kopaonička bb, 38219 Lešak, SerbiaInstitute of Food Technology, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kopaonička bb, 38219 Lešak, SerbiaFaculty of Agriculture, University of Priština in Kosovska Mitrovica, Kopaonička bb, 38219 Lešak, SerbiaFaculty of Technology, University of Niš, BulevarOslobođenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, SerbiaFaculty of Technology, University of Niš, BulevarOslobođenja 124, 16000 Leskovac, SerbiaThe purpose of this study was to determine essential oil yield, composition, and antioxidant activity during two different maturation stages of umbels with seeds(I stage: premature–waxy; and II stage: mature–fully ripening) of wild carrot (<i>Daucus carrota var. carota</i>) from the Montenegrin coast. A higher yield of carrot essential oil (CEO) was determined in mature, fully ripening umbels (1.96 mL/100 g p.m) than in premature umbels at the waxy stage (mL/100 g p.m). Thirty-three components were identified in premature umbels, with β-bisabolene (32.3%), 11-α-(H)-himachal-4-en-1-β-ol (27.9%), elemicin (10.1%), and α-longipipene (7.7%) being the main components. They were followed by α-pinene (3.7%), (<i>E</i>)-asarone (3.4%), (<i>E</i>)-anethole (3.2%), and β-himachalene (2.0%). Thirty-two components were identified in CEO from mature umbels, with β-bisabolene (41.0%), 11-α-(H)-himachal-4-en-1-β-ol(21.1%), elemicin (14.8%), andα-longipipene (5.7%) being the most abundant. These components were followed by (<i>E</i>)-asarone (3.9%), <i>cis</i>-α-bisabolene (2.4%), and β-himachalene (2.0%). The CEO isolated from mature umbelsshowed better antioxidant activity (EC<sub>50</sub> value of 31.80 mg/mL) in comparison to the CEO isolated from premature umbels (EC<sub>50</sub> value of 49.18 mg/mL) during the incubation time of 60 min. The degree of DPPH radical neutralization increased as the incubation time increased from 20 to 60 min. Therefore, our findings recommend that wild carrot could be harvested in the fully ripening stage when the umbel improves CEO yield and antioxidant activity, without the risk of seed shedding from the umbel and seed losses.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/3/328wild carrotumbelstage of maturationessential oilsyieldcomposition |
| spellingShingle | Jelena Stanojević Zoran S. Ilić Ljiljana Stanojević Lidija Milenković Renata Kovač Dragana Lalević Ljubomir Šunić Aleksandra Milenković Dragan Cvetković Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Two Umbel Maturity Stages of Wild Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L. ssp. <i>carota</i>) from Montenegro Horticulturae wild carrot umbel stage of maturation essential oils yield composition |
| title | Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Two Umbel Maturity Stages of Wild Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L. ssp. <i>carota</i>) from Montenegro |
| title_full | Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Two Umbel Maturity Stages of Wild Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L. ssp. <i>carota</i>) from Montenegro |
| title_fullStr | Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Two Umbel Maturity Stages of Wild Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L. ssp. <i>carota</i>) from Montenegro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Two Umbel Maturity Stages of Wild Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L. ssp. <i>carota</i>) from Montenegro |
| title_short | Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Antioxidant Activity in Two Umbel Maturity Stages of Wild Carrot (<i>Daucus carota</i> L. ssp. <i>carota</i>) from Montenegro |
| title_sort | essential oil yield composition and antioxidant activity in two umbel maturity stages of wild carrot i daucus carota i l ssp i carota i from montenegro |
| topic | wild carrot umbel stage of maturation essential oils yield composition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/9/3/328 |
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